Oral functions - feeding and speech Flashcards
What provides an anterior oral ‘seal’ when eating
Lips
How is food moved from the front of the mouth to the posterior teeth
Food is gathered on tongue tip
Tongue retracts, pulling the
material to the posterior teeth
(pull back process; takes about
one second ).
associated with retraction of the
hyoid bone and narrowing of
the oropharyn
What changes in the oesophagus help move food to back of mouth
Retraction of hyoid bone and narrowing of the oropharynx
What muscles are involved in food processing
–the “mandibular
muscles”
–the supra-hyoid
muscles
–the tongue muscles
–the lips and cheek
What are the mandibular (masticatory) muscles
Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
What is tooth pushing and tongue pushing
The tongue and cheeks act in a reciprocal
manner to place the food on the occlusal
surfaces of the teeth
What physiological difference is there between the oral cavity when ingesting solid foods and liquids
During processing of solid foods, the mouth is continuous with the oropharynx
A posterior oral seal may be produced during the ingestion of Liquids (liquids are swallowed from the mouth ..ie without Stage II transport)
What is the ‘squeeze back’ mechanism
The contact zone moves progressively backwards, squeezing the processed food
through the fauces
What are the phases in the chewing cycle
Closing
Occlusal
Opening
What happens during each phase of the chewing cycle
Closing phase (jaw elevator muscles are active)
Opening phase (Jaw depressor muscles are active)
Occlusal phase (mandible is stationary/Teeth joined)
When are dentures with cusped teeth favourable
If the patient performs ruminatory mandibular movements as these will acheive balanced occlusion
What does a denture with evenly worn (flat surfaces) indicate
Vertical (chopping) mandibular movements
What is the benefit of mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth
Facilitates swallowing
Might improve digestive
efficiency in G.I. Tract
Does poor mastication cause malnutrition
Deteriorated masticatory performance can result in dietary restrictions
There is no clear evidence that poor mastication causes malnutrition in people
with G.I. tract disorders especially with modern foods and methods of preparation
What is the minimum amount of teeth for acceptable mastication, aesthetics and maintenance of OH
20 teeth
What is the best treatment option for a patient with no posterior molars (6-8)
Absent molar teeth are only
replaced if their absence
gives rise to problems.
SDA provides sufficient
occlusal stability.
SDA provides satisfactory
comfort and appearance.
chewing and comfort were
not significantly enhanced
by the provision of RPDs.
How can bite force be increased
Bite forces can be increased by supporting dentures on teeth or implants
What is a Cantilever Bridge
- A pontic connected to a
retainer at one end only - Is used to replace single
teeth and only one
retainer is used to support
the bridge. - Not recommended when
occlusal forces on the
pontic will be heavy
When is an adhesive bridge used
An immediate, temporary adhesive bridge is appropriate, followed by a permanent bridge once the tissues have settled.
Quick, non-destructive
(conservative of tooth
tissues), aesthetic, and
durable (good life span)
What are the stages of swallowing
Buccal phase (voluntary)
Pharyngeal stage (involuntary)
Esophageal stage (involuntary)
What is the purpose of swallowing
- Process by which the accumulated food bolus is transported through the lower
pharynx and oesophagus to the stomach (feeding function) - Prevents ingested material from entering the lower airway (protective function)
How is the airway protected during swallowing
- Upward and forward movement of larynx
- Closure of laryngeal inlet– aryepiglottic muscles– epiglottis
- Adduction of vocal folds
- Stop breathing (apnoea)
How is reflux prevented
- Elevation of soft palate
- Tongue (sides) contacts pillars of fauces
- Tongue (dorsum) contacts posterior pharyngeal wall
- Upper oesophageal sphincter– Reflux from oesophagus into pharynx
- Lower oesophageal sphincter– Reflux from stomach into oesophagus
What mostly causes palatal surface erosion
Stomach acid
What is dysphasia
A specific language disorder that affects a
person’s ability to understand and
produce language
What is Dysphagia
Difficulty or inability to swallow
What is Odynophagia
Extreme pain when swallowing
What is dysarthria and what causes it
difficulty speaking that is caused by
problems with the muscles used in
speech
.– due to neuro-muscular defects
– lesions in descending neural
pathways, cranial nerves, vocal
muscles, neuromuscular junctions
What oral cavity causes of language and speech defects are there
- Malocclusions
- Loss of teeth and denture related
- Cleft lip/palate
- Tongue - related
- Dry mouth
What can be used to fill a cleft palate
Obturator
How can xerostomia impeed speech
With inadequate saliva production, pronouncing words becomes difficult.
People who have dry mouth and difficulty speaking cannot simply ‘swallow’ and start
talking normally.
How can dentures impeed speech or swallowing
- Problems arise mainly from
restricted tongue space - denture base plate is too thick
- artificial teeth not set properly
Which sounds are altered with the loss of maxillary anterior teeth
‘F’ and ‘V’ which are made by the lower lip contacting the edges of maxillary incisors
How is the tone of the lips and cheeks assessed with dentures
Asking fundamental questions (eg address, family details).
This will indicate the functional relationship of the lips and tongue to dentures in speech.
