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Oral biology > Oral functions > Flashcards

Oral functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the masseter muscle

A

Origin - zygomatic arch
Insertion - lateral surface and angle of mandible
Action - elevates mandible

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2
Q

How do you examine the masseter muscle

A

Place one finger
intra-orally and the
other on the cheek

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3
Q

When would a patients masseter muscle be tender

A

In patients who have a clenching habit

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4
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the temporalis

A

Origin - floor of temporal fossa
Insertion - coronoid process and anterior border of ramus
Action - elevates and retracts mandible

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5
Q

What muscle is affected by a bruxist habit

A

Temporalis

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6
Q

How is the temporalis examined

A

Palpate its origin by asking the
patient to clench the teeth
together.

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the lateral pterygoid

A

Origin: from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: anterior border of the condyle and intra-articular disc via two independent heads
Function: protrudes and laterally deviates the mandible and the inferior head functions with the mandibular depressors during openings.

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8
Q

Where does the inferior and superior belly of the lateral condyle attach

A

The inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid
attaches to the head of the condyle.
The superior belly inserts into the intra articular disc

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9
Q

How is the lateral pterygoid examined

A

Best examined by recording its response to
resisted movement. (ask patient to push jaw against pressure)
There is a good correlation between the
resisted movement test and the muscle being
tender to palpation.

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the medial pterygoid

A

Origin - deep head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate ; superficial head: tuberosity of maxilla
Insertion - medial surface of angle of mandible
Action - elevates and assists in protrusion of the mandible

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11
Q

How is the medial pterygoid examined

A

There is no reliable way of examining this muscle

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12
Q

Following a LA injection if a patient cannot fully open their mouth the next day what muscle was hit

A

Medial pterygoid

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13
Q

What is trismus

A

Lockjaw, chewing muscles become contracted and inflamed

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14
Q

What are the movements of the TMJ

A

Rotation - initial opening Translation - wider opening

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15
Q

What TMJ movement is needed for protrusive and retrusive movements

A

Translation

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16
Q

What is the movement of the condyles during protrusion and retrusion

A

As the mandible moves during
protrusion, both condyles leave their
fossae and move forward along the
articular eminences.
When the mandible retrudes, both
condyles leave the eminences and
move back into their respective fossae

17
Q

Who discovered the extent of the mobility of the mandible

A

Ulf Posselt

18
Q

What is the maximum biting and clenching forces

A

Varies between teeth
* Maximum between
molars (200-700N)

19
Q

What is the world record biting force

A

4300N

20
Q

What factors affect max bite force

A

Psychological
-fear of breaking teeth

Muscle mass
-bigger muscles

Muscle fibre types
Type I– Slow, low forces
Type II– Fast, stronger forces,
Sub-types (IIA, IIX, IIB)– Predominant fibre type
varies, depending on jaw morphology, diet
Evidence that people with ‘squarer’ jaws, have more
Type II fibres and can generate stronger bite forces

Tooth type and position
-Position relative to TMJ (molars are nearer the force so can appy more force)

21
Q

What is the different between muscle fibre types in the mandible

A

Type I– Slow, low forces
Type II– Fast, stronger forces,
Sub-types (IIA, IIX, IIB)– Predominant fibre type
varies, depending on jaw
morphology, diet

22
Q

Where is the greatest bite forces generated

A

Between 1st molars

23
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A
  • Digastric
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
24
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A

-Sternohyoid
–Omohyoid
–Thyrohyoid
–Sternothyroid

25
Q

What is another name for infrahyoid muscles

A

‘Strap’ muscles

26
Q

What muscles act as jaw depressors when the hyoud bone is fixed

A

– Digastric
– Mylohyoid
– Geniohyoid *

27
Q

What are the intrinsic tongue muscles and their function

A

Alter shape
-longitudinal
-vertical
-transverse

28
Q

What are the extrinsic tongue muscle and their function

A

Alter shape and position
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus

29
Q

What facial muscles helpmaintain food in the oral cavity

A

Orbicularis oris
Buccinator

Oral biology (12 decks)

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