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Dental Hygiene: Anatomy > Tooth Alignment & Occlusion > Flashcards

Tooth Alignment & Occlusion Flashcards

1
Q

Describe ideal occlusion

A

all the teeth in the maxillary arch are in contact with all the teeth of the mandibular arch

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2
Q

What is malocclusion?

A

deviation from the ideal; abnormal occlusion

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3
Q

Skeletal classification

A

relationship of the bone of the maxilla to the bone of the mandible
class I, class II, class III

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4
Q

Describe class I occlusion

A

normal, “ideal” relationship of maxilla to mandible

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5
Q

The profile of class I occlusion is called…

A

mesognathic or orthognatic

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6
Q

Describe class II occlusion

A

mandible is retruded (pushed back), mandible distal to maxilla

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7
Q

The profile of class II occlusion is called…

A

retrognathic

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8
Q

Describe class III occlusion

A

mandible is protruded (pushed forward)

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9
Q

The profile of class III occlusion is called…

A

prognathic

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10
Q

Dental classification (E.H. Angle)

A

relationship of the teeth of the mandibular to the teeth of the maxilla, particularly 1st molars and canines
class I, class II, class III

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11
Q

True or False: Occlusion classification can be bilateral or unilateral

A

True

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12
Q

Class I dental classification is ______ (*hint: end in -occlusion)

A

neutrocclusion *ideal relationship

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13
Q

Describe the molar relationship of Angles Class I

A

mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary 1st molar is directly in line with mesiobuccal groove of mandibular 1st molar

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14
Q

Describe the canine relationship of Angles Class I

A

permanent maxillary canine fits into facial embrasure between mandibular canine and 1st premolar

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15
Q

Class II dental classification is _______.

A

distocclusion

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16
Q

Describe the molar relationship of Angles class II

A

mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar is anterior to mesiobuccal groove of mandibular 1st molar by AT LEAST the width of a premolar

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17
Q

Describe the canine relationship of Angles Class II

A

maxillary canine anterior to facial embrasure of mandibular canine and 1st premolar by AT LEAST the width of a premolar

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18
Q

Less than the width of a premolar is a ________ to Class II.

A

tendency
*same concept for Class III

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19
Q

Describe Division I of Class II

A

maxillary central incisors slightly protruded

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20
Q

Describe Division II of Class II

A

maxillary central incisors retruded, inclined lingually
-laterals often slightly overlap centrals

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21
Q

What clinical findings may be present in Class II (distocclusion)

A

-overjet
-severe/deep overbite
-crowded maxillary anterior teeth

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22
Q

Class III dental classification is ________.

A

mesiocclusion

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23
Q

Describe the molar relationship of Angles Class III

A

mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar is distal to mesiobuccal groove of mandibular 1st molar by at least the width of a premolar

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24
Q

Describe the canine relationship of Angles Class III

A

maxillary canine is distal to facial embrasure of mandibular canine and 1st premolar by at least the width of a premolar

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25
Q

What clinical findings may be present in Class III (mesiocclusion)

A

-anterior crossbite
-edge to edge
-mandibular incisors crowding
-mandibular incisors lingually tipped

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26
Q

List the factors influencing occlusion

A

-arrangement of teeth in the arch
-relationship of mandibular arch to maxillary arch
-relationship of the mandible to the maxilla
-Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its parts
-muscles, nerves, ligaments, and soft tissues affecting position of mandible
-abnormalities that may be detrimental to dental health

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27
Q

What is labioversion/labial version malocclusion

A

tooth is out of alignment to the labial or buccal compared to the arch or other teeth
*malocclusion of individual teeth

28
Q

What is buccoversion/buccal version malocclusion

A

posterior tooth out of alignment compared to the arch or other teeth
*malocclusion of individual teeth

29
Q

What is lingoversion/lingual version malocclusion

A

tooth is out of alignment to the lingual compared to the arch or other teeth
*malocclusion of individual teeth

30
Q

What is toroversion malocclusion

A

tooth is rotated
*malocclusion of individual teeth

31
Q

What is supraeruption/extrusion malocclusion

A

tooth that is over erupted and is abnormally long compared to the rest of the occlusal surface
*malocclusion of individual teeth

32
Q

What is infraocclusion/infraversion malocclusion

A

tooth is abnormally short compared to the rest of the occlusal surface
*malocclusion of individual teeth

33
Q

What is an anterior crossbite

A

maxillary incisors or canine are lingual to mandibular incisors or canines
*malocclusion of groups of teeth

34
Q

What is a posterior crossbite

A

maxillary posterior teeth are more lingual to mandibular teeth, maxillary lingual cusps are not in fossae of mandibular teeth
*malocclusion of groups of teeth

35
Q

Describe edge to edge malocclusion

A

incisal edge of maxillary anterior teeth occlude with the incisal edge of mandibular teeth
*malocclusion of groups of teeth

36
Q

Describe open bite malocclusion

A

mandibular teeth do not touch maxillary teeth, no vertical overlap
-can be caused by thumb sucking or tongue thrusting
*malocclusion of groups of teeth

37
Q

Describe overjet with HORIZONTAL overlap

A

amount of facial horizontal overlap between maxillary anterior teeth to the mandibular teeth
-normal is 2-3mm measured w/ probe
*malocclusion of groups of teeth

38
Q

Describe overjet with VERTICAL overlap

A

extension of the incisal edge of maxillary anterior teeth below the incisal edges of mandibular anterior teeth

39
Q

Normal/slight overbite

A

overlap occurs within incisal 1/3rd of mandibular anterior teeth

40
Q

Moderate overbite

A

overlap occurs in the middle 1/3rd of mandibular anterior teeth

41
Q

Severe/deep overbite

A

overlap into the cervical 1/3rd of mandibular anterior teeth
*possibly can see bite marks in palate with severe overbite

42
Q

What is the resting vertical dimension

A

at rest, with lips together, teeth should 1-2mm apart

43
Q

What is centric occlusion

A

relationship of maxillary and mandibular occlusal surfaces when teeth are in maximum contact, or intercupsation (fitting together the surfaces of the opposing teeth)

44
Q

Describe centric relation

A

relation of upper and lower jaw, where head of the condyle in the most posterior-superior position in the glenoid (mandible) fossa
-when jaw is back as far as it can go this can be seen when swallowing

45
Q

What is functional/dynamic occlusion

A

refers to the tooth contacts while the mandible is in action (moving)

46
Q

Intercuspation

A

buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth are interlocked between buccal and lingual cusps of maxillary teeth

47
Q

Mandibular teeth tip ______.

A

lingually

48
Q

Maxillary teeth tip ______.

A

facially

49
Q

Anterior teeth tip slightly _______.

A

forward

50
Q

Lateral excursion

A

mandible moves to the left and right

51
Q

Working side

A

side toward which the mandible moves, maxillary and mandibular cusps touch

52
Q

Balancing side

A

non functional side, teeth do not contact

53
Q

Canine guidance or rise

A

mandible canine opens the bite by gliding down the lingual surface of the maxillary canine

54
Q

Group function

A

premolars occlude during lateral excursion, premolars should only assist while canines take the brunt of the occlusion

55
Q

Protrusion

A

mandible moves forward, only the 4 anterior touch, but may include the canines, posterior teeth do not contact

56
Q

Open contacts

A

sites where interproximal space exists because proximal crests do not meet
*not the same as diastema

57
Q

List the reasons for open contacts

A

-developmental disturbances
-missing teeth
-oral habits
-dental disease
-overdeveloped frena
-faulty dentistry

58
Q

Curve of Wilson

A

transverse occlusal curve, side to side, mandibular teeth concave since they tilt lingually

59
Q

Curve of Spree

A

from the lateral view (usually from buccal aspect) when teeth are in centric occlusion, cusp tips of posterior teeth conform to a fairly even curve in an anterior to posterior direction
-mandibular teeth curve is concave, maxillary teeth curve is convex

60
Q

Primary occlusal trauma

A

excessive force with normal bone support

61
Q

Secondary occlusal trauma

A

excessive force with bone loss and inadequate bone support

62
Q

List the causes of occlusal trauma

A

-premature contact
-only a few teeth in contact (unequal pressure)
-initial contacts on inclined planes of cusps (unequal pressure)
-heavy forces in lateral or horizontal direction
-increased frequency, intensity, or duration of contacts (bruxism, clenching)

63
Q

What are the clinical findings of occlusal trauma

A

-tooth mobility
-fremitus: vibration
-tooth sensitivity
-wear facets
-open contacts
-TMJ disorders

64
Q

What are the radiographic findings of occlusion trauma

A

-widened periodontal ligament (PDL)
-thickened lamina dura (thin covering of alveolar bone seen radiographically)
-angular/vertical bone loss
-root resorption
-furcation involvement

65
Q

True or false: occlusal trauma causes periodontal disease even with no presence of bacteria

A

FALSE: occlusal trauma causes periodontal disease ONLY in the presence of bacteria

Dental Hygiene: Anatomy (28 decks)

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