Tooling_U Chapter 7 Vocab

Question 1

A material made of hard, sharp particles used for cutting chips from a workpiece surface. These are often used in finishing operations that clean, polish, or otherwise prepare the surface of a part.

Answer 1

Abrasives

Question 2

A substance used to join two or more materials.

Answer 2

Adhesive

Question 3

A lightweight metal that is silvery white in color. This type of metal resists corrosion and is a good conductor of electrical and thermal energy.

Answer 3

Aluminum

Question 4

A very hard ceramic material composed of aluminum and oxygen. This is often used as an abrasive grain because it is very hard and tough.

Answer 4

Aluminum Oxide

Question 5

A private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates voluntary standards and systems. ANSI helps set guidelines for abrasives.

Answer 5

American National Standards Institute.

Question 6

What does ANSI stand for?

Answer 6

American National Standards Institute

Question 7

The wearing down and dulling of abrasive particles due to friction. This word is reduced by an abrasive’s ability to self-sharpen.

Answer 7

Attrition

Question 8

The material on which coated abrasives are adhered. This is made of fabric, paper, or other similar material.

Answer 8

Backing

Question 9

A group of finishing processes involves spraying a surface with various types of media at high velocities in order to remove contaminants. This type of media is most frequently different types of abrasive grains, but high-pressure streams of air or water can also be used.

Answer 9

Blasting

Question 10

An abrasive tool made from a combination of abrasive grains and bond material. These types of abrasives are typically in the form of grinding wheels but also include other surface grinding products.

Answer 10

Bonded Abrasives

Question 11

The resistance to being drawn, stretched, or formed. This type of abrasive grains typically fracture, exposing new, sharp edges and preventing dulling. This type of material is tough and grainy and more likely to break instead of bend when subjected to force or pressure

Answer 11

Brittle

Question 12

A metal material consisting mostly of copper, with 10-12% tin. These types of alloys are commonly used for metal bonds.

Answer 12

Bronze Alloys

Question 13

C. A common, strong, nonmetallic element. This is found in steel, carbide, diamond, and other materials.

Answer 13

Carbide

Question 14

Having the potential to cause cancer. When used in abrasive blasting processes, sand produces toxins called this which is a dust that is hazardous if inhaled.

Answer 14

Carcinogenic

Question 15

A hard, brittle material that can withstand high temperatures and resist corrosion. These include traditional materials such as brick and clay, as well as advanced ceramics used as abrasives, cutting tools, and electrical components.

Answer 15

Ceramic

Question 16

To undergo a change due to contact with another substance. Natural and synthetic diamonds have this type of reaction to iron at high temperatures, changing the physical structure of the diamond and causing it to break down.

Answer 16

chemically react

Question 17

A clamping device that grips the post or shank of a mounted grinding tool. This commonly has three or four jaws that can be adjusted to fit various workpieces.

Answer 17

Chuck

Question 18

A dense arrangement of abrasive grains. This type of coating product has little space between each abrasive grain.

Answer 18

Closed Coat

Question 19

An abrasive tool composed of abrasive grains adhered to a flexible backing material, such as paper, plastic, or cloth.

Answer 19

Coated Abrasive

Question 20

CBN. A synthetic material composed of boron and nitrogen. This is the second-hardest known substance, after diamond, and is used as an abrasive grain.

Answer 20

Cubic Boron Nitride

Question 21

What does CBN stand for?

Answer 21

Cubic Boron Nitride

Question 22

A three-dimensional (3D) figure with a circular base and top connect by parallel walls.

Answer 22

Cylindrical

Question 23

A finishing process that uses an abrasive to remove sharp projections left by a tool on a workpiece surface. This is often done by hand or in mass-finishing processes.

Answer 23

Deburring

Question 24

FEPA. An association of European manufacturers of abrasive products with strong links to manufacturers in the United States. They provide safety recommendations and product standards related to abrasives.

Answer 24

Federation of European Producers o Abrasives

Question 25

What does the FEPA stand for?

Answer 25

Federation of European Producers o Abrasives

Question 26

A material in which iron is the main ingredient. This is the most common type of steel and cast iron metal.

Answer 26

Ferrous

Question 27

A group of processes are performed to obtain the proper tolerance and surface finish for a completed part. These processes, such as grinding, lapping, and honing, use abrasives to remove very small amounts of workpiece material.

Answer 27

Finishing Processes

Question 28

A type of coated abrasive consisting of many segments of abrasive material extending from the edge of a wheel. These types of wheels are often used in handheld grinding operations.

Answer 28

Flap Wheel

Question 29

The breaking apart of an object into two or more pieces as a result of stress. These happen during a process, exposing new, sharp edges.

Answer 29

Fractures

Question 30

An abrasive grain's ability to fracture and self-sharpen under stress. This helps abrasives cut more easily and prevents them from dulling.

Answer 30

Friability

Question 31

A naturally occurring mineral that is usually pink or reddish in color. This material is sometimes used as an abrasive grain in polishing.

Answer 31

Garnet

Question 32

A letter designation that describes the hardness of a material. This is the number of an abrasive that will be any letter from A to Z, where A is the softest and Z is the hardest.

Answer 32

Grade

Question 33

A small, hard particle of abrasive material. These are often bonded or coated to create grinding wheels and other abrasive tools.

Answer 33

Grains

Question 34

The size of an abrasive grain. A higher number means smaller grains and a lower number means larger grains.

Answer 34

Grit

Question 35

The ability of a material to resist penetration and scratching.

Answer 35

Hardness

Question 36

A finishing process that uses an abrasive to create high-quality surface finishes and tolerances. These stones are used to finish the interior of round holes as well as flat surfaces.

Answer 36

Honing Stones

Question 37

A malleable, silver-gray metal that is highly magnetic. This is alloyed with carbon to make steel.

Answer 37

Iron

Question 38

A metal that is capable of being extended or shaped is called

Answer 38

Malleable Workpiece

Question 39

A finishing process that uses an abrasive to remove the last bit of unwanted material and bring a surface to a desired state of finish or tolerance. This uses a fine abrasive to grind away small amounts of material from a workpiece surface.

Answer 39

Lapping

Question 40

A layer of adhesive between the backing material and the abrasive grains. This type of coat is the first layer of adhesive and helps the abrasive grains stick to the backing.

Answer 40

Make Coat

Question 41

The rotating shaft on which honing stones are mounted. This is used in honing as a work-holding device.

Answer 41

Mandrel

Question 42

A deburring process that uses loose abrasive grains to remove sharp projections from a workpiece surface. This can simultaneously improve the surface finish of a group of workpieces.

Answer 42

Mass finishing

Question 43

A type of organic bond material that is made from cast iron and bronze alloys. These types of bonds result in abrasive tools with long performance lives.

Answer 43

Metal Bonds

Question 44

The process of placing a grinding wheel within a grinding machine. This often involves attaching the grinding wheel to the machine's spindle.

Answer 44

Mounting

Question 45

A hard material found in the earth. These types of abrasives, like sand and diamond, are used to shape other materials through a grinding action.

Answer 45

Natural Abrasives

Question 46

A material that does not contain iron or consists mostly of elements other than iron. Aluminum, copper, and zinc are subcategorized as these types of metals.

Answer 46

Nonferrous Metals

Question 47

A sparse arrangement of abrasive grains in coated abrasives. Open coat products have more space between each abrasive grain.

Answer 47

Open Coat

Question 48

A bonded abrasive tool structure with a greater distance between its abrasive grains. Bonded abrasive tools with these types of structures are best for soft materials.

Answer 48

Open Structure

Question 49

A category of bond material that contains carbon compounds and has the tendency to soften when exposed to heat. These bonds include resinoid, rubber, and shellac materials.

Answer 49

Organic Bonds

Question 50

PCD. The manufactured formation of diamond that has a hardness approaching natural diamond. These are used as ultra-hard abrasive grains.

Answer 50

Polycrystalline Diamond

Question 51

A material that has holes or openings through which air or liquid can pass. This type of abrasive may improve grinding efficiency due to increased friability.

Answer 51

Porous

Question 52

Describes the tendency of a solid substance to break into smaller pieces under duress or contact, especially by rubbing

Answer 52

Friability

Question 53

A substance consisting of loose, small grains of rock. This is not commonly used in blasting as it requires expensive safety equipment.

Answer 53

Sand

Question 54

The stalk or post on which a grinding tool is mounted. This provides support for the tool.

Answer 54

Shank

Question 55

A hard and brittle synthetic material composed of silicon and carbon. This is often used as an abrasive grain when grinding aluminum.

Answer 55

Silicon Carbide

Question 56

A description of the essential physical and technical properties of a finished part. This outlines important information including finished part dimensions and how the part must respond to processes.

Answer 56

Specifications

Question 57

A ferrous metal consisting of iron and carbon, usually with small amounts of manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. These are the most common metals used in manufacturing.

Answer 57

Steels

Question 58

A material's ability to resist forces that attempt to break or deform it. This is an important mechanical property.

Answer 58

Strength

Question 59

The relative amount of grains, bonds, and space in an abrasive grinding tool. This helps determine abrasive grade.

Answer 59

Structures

Question 60

A complex metal with a number of additives to create a metal that has excellent strength and resistance to deformation, heat, and corrosion. This is very expensive and difficult to machine.

Answer 60

Superalloys

Question 61

The degree of smoothness on a part's surface after it has been machined or otherwise shaped. This can be improved through final machining processes that use abrasives.

Answer 61

Surface Finish

Question 62

A combination of finely ground chips of workpiece material and abrasive particles that are cast off during an abrasive finishing process. This can appear as powder or chips depending on the workpiece or abrasive material and the process.

Answer 62

Swarf

Question 63

A man-made material that is manufactured through chemical and/or physical processes. This type of abrasives, such as aluminum oxide or silicon carbide, are extremely hard and often used to shape other materials through a grinding action.

Answer 63

Synthetic Abrasives

Question 64

An acceptable deviation from a given dimension or geometry. This indicates the allowable difference between a physical feature and its standard design.

Answer 64

Tolerance

Question 65

Able to absorb energy or sudden stress without breaking. This type of abrasive has grains that are less likely to fracture and more likely to dull.

Answer 65

Tough

Question 66

A clay or ceramic bond material characterized by its strength, rigidity, and resistance to oils, water, or temperature changes. It has qualities similar to glass.

Answer 66

Vitrified Bonds

Question 67

A material's ability to resist the gradual wearing away caused by abrasion and friction. This helps lengthen the life of a material.

Answer 67

Wear Resistance