Tongue Flashcards
How many cranial nerves does the tongue have?
Innervation-
4 cranial nerves
V3, 7, 9, 12
Tongue terminology
Glossal or lingual
Covered with mucosa
Tongue functions
Speech, mastication, degulation-swallowing
Tongue blood supply
Lingual artery- supplies tongue
The medial septum in tongue is
Paired muscle
The tongue is a mass of muscle covered with
Mucosa
Body of the tongue made up of
Ventral surface(bottom), lateral surface(side of), dorsum(top of), and apex (tip of)
Types of mucosa in the oral cavity
Lining, masticatory, specialized
Lining mucosa location
Ventral surface of tongue, floor of mouth, alveolar and buccal mucosa, soft palate.
Lining mucosa histology
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Less pronounced rete pegs
Lining mucosa function
Protective cushion, wimpy compared to keratinized
Masticatory mucosa location
Dorsal surface of tongue, hard palate, attached gingiva
Masticatory mucosa histology
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, pronounced rete pegs
Masticatory mucosa function
Resiliency, barrier
Specialized mucosa location
Dorsal and lateral surfaces of tongue with lingual papillae.
Specialized mucosa histology
Orthokeratinized
Specialized mucosa function
Taste
Ventral surface
Lingual frenum-
Connects tongue to floor of mouth
Ventral surface
Deep lingual vein-
Blue(can see in some)
Ventral surface
Plica fimbriata-
Hair like projections
Ventral surface
Sublingual fold-
Area between tongue and where floor of mouth starts
Ventral surface
Sublingual gland-
Can’t really see, produces saliva
Ventral surface
Sublingual caruncles
2 little holes, gland puts saliva out of these
Dorsal surface
Fungiform papilla-
Mushroom shape
Dorsal surface
Filiform papilla
Finger like projections, can collect plaque, keratinized
Dorsal surface
Circumvallate papilla-
Projection that forms inverted V, very far back, span evanor?
Dorsal surface
Foliate papilla-
Ruffles on lateral border,
Posterior on tongue
Dorsal surface
Lingual tonsil-
At base, lymphatic tissue behind circumvallate papilla.
Extrinsic tongue muscles
O:
I:
O: outside the tongue
I: inside/within tongue
Extrinsic tongue muscles functions
Speech, mastication, swallowing
Genioglossus
O:
I:
O: genial tubercules “screw on skull”
I: ventral surface of under tongue
Genioglossus action
Protrude the tongue
“Stick out tongue”
Styloglossus
O:
I:
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: lateral surface, apex and base of tongue
Styloglossus action-
Retracts tongue
*brings tongue back in
Hypoglossus
O:
I:
O: body of hyoid (and greater Cornu)
I: lateral surface of tongue
Hypoglossus action
Depressing tongue
“Brings down”
Intrinsic tongue muscles attachments
O:
I:
All within tongue
Intrinsic tongue muscles functions
Change the shape, speech, swallowing, mastication
Intrinsic muscles
Superior longitudinal-
Most superficial, runs long ways, shorten and thickens tongue
*named how it lays on tongue
*inf/sup same action
“Bread on sandwich”
Intrinsic muscles
Transverse-
Just deep to superior longitudinal, lengthens and narrows tongue.
*names for how it lays on tongue
*vertical and transverse=same action
“Middle meat on sandwich”
Intrinsic muscles
Vertical-
Deep to transverse, lengthens and narrows tongue.
Vertical and transverse- same action
“Middle” “meat in sandwich”
Intrinsic muscles
Inferior longitudinal-
Deepest of all intrinsic muscles, shortens and thickens
*inf/sup same action
“Bread on sandwich”
