Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Cranial nerves leave the brain through..
Foramina or fissures
PNS cranial nerves
12 nerves
Attach directly to the brain
Can be sensory or motor or both
CN 1 Olfactory:
Function-
Location-
Sensory or motor-
Smell
Anterior cranial fossa- fibers travel through the cribriform plate
Pure sensory
CN 2 optic:
Function-
Location-
Sensory or motor-
Sight
Optic canal to posterior globe
Sensory
CN 3 oculomotor:
Function-
Location-
S or M-
Extra ocular movement
Superior orbital fissure
Motor
CN 4 trochlear:
Function-
Location-
S or M-
Extra ocular movement
Superior orbital fissure
Motor
CN 5 trigeminal:
Known as the _____ cranial nerve
Motor or sensory
Largest
Both
CN 5 trigeminal 3 divisions:
Opthalmic 5-1
Maxillary 5-2
Mandibular 5-3
CN 5-1 opthalmic (smallest)
Function-
Location-
S or M-
Sensory to forehead region
Superior orbital fissure
Sensory
3 branches of 5-1 opthalmic:
S or M-
Location-
All sensory
Go to forehead
CN 5-2 maxillary:
Function:
Location:
Major branches:
Sensory (afferent)
Foramen rotundum
Maxillary sinuses
Nasal cavity
Palate
Skin around
Branches of 5-2:
Zygomatic nerve Infraorbital nerve ASA/MSA Posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA) Pterygopalatine ganglion Nasopalatine nerve
5-2 branch- zygomatic nerve
Function-
Location-
Sensory for lacrimal gland, skin of cheek, and temporal area
Enters pterygopalatine fossa from the inferior orbital fissure
5-2 branch - infraorbital nerve
Function-
Location-
Direct anterior continuation of V2, sensory, loser eyelid, upper lip, side of nose
Anterior superior alveolar
Middle superior alveolar
Passes through infraorbital Foramen creating ASA and MSA
5-2 branch of infraorbital- ASA/MSA
Function-
M or s-
ASA: Max ant teeth, labial gingiva and periodontium
MSA: Max premolars and mesial buccal root, Max 1st molar, buccal gingiva and periodontium
*MSA exists in about 27% of people
Sensory
5-2 branch- posterior superior alveolar (PSA)-
Function-
Location-
Maxillary molars except the mesial buccal root of the 1st molar, surrounds periodontium
Arises after the pterygopalatine ganglion
5-2 branch- pterygopalatine ganglion
Function-
3 branches:
Sensory
Lesser- area posterior to its Foramen (soft palate and palatine tonsils)
Greater- posterior palatial gingiva
Naso- anterior palatal tissue
- foramen b/w 8-9
- palatal tissues b/w 6-11
5-2 branch- nasopalatine nerve
Function-
Location-
S or M-
Anterior palatal tissues 6-11, may contribute to anterior teeth
May anastomose with the greater palatine nerve
Sensory
5-3 Mandibular
Function-
Location-
Sensory and motor
Passes through foramen ovale
*ROS
5-3 motor branches off Mandibular-
*muscles of mastication + mylohyoid
Nerves:
Temporal nerves
Masseteric nerve
Mesial and lateral pterygoid nerves
Mylohyoid nerve- floor of mouth
5-3 sensory branches off Mandibular:
Buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mental, incisive
Sensory branches of V3
Buccal:
Auriculotemporal:
Buccal mucosa and buccal gingiva associated with the Mandibular molars.
Ear and skin surrounding the ear
Sensory branches of V3-
Lingual:
Inferior alveolar:
Body of tongue, floor of mouth and lingual Mandibular gingiva. Travels with chordatympani.
Between army’s and sphenomandibular ligament, enters mandibular foramen
Sensory branches off V3-
Mental:
Incisive:
Facial soft tissues and Buccal mucosa from foramen anteriorly
2nd premolar anterior with Buccal gingiva and periodontium.
- considered the terminal branch of IA
- both are branches of IA
CN 6 Abducens
Function
Location
S or M
Extra ocular movement
Superior orbital fissure
Pure motor
*lazy eye
What cranial nerves have the function extra ocular movement
3,4, 6
CN 7 Facial
Function
Location
Branches with parotid gland
Sensory and motor
Stylomastoid foramen
Chordatympani for the ant 2/3 of tongue (sublingual and submandibular gland)
Paralysis
5 branches of CN 7 Facial
Temporal Zygomatic Bi cal Marginal mandibular Cervical
*hand to face
CN 8 Acoustic
Function
Location
S or M
Hearing and equilibrium
Internal acoustic meatus
Pure sensory
CN 9 Glossopharyngeal
Function
Location
S or M
Motor- to muscles of soft palate, parotid gland and middle ear
Sensory- post 1/3 of tongue
Exits through jugular foramen
Mixed
CN 10 Vagus
Function
Location
S or M
Most smooth muscles of the body, cardiac muscles and glands
Exits jugular
*extends more than any other CN
Mixed
“Soft palate nerve”
CN 11 Spinal Accessory
Function
Location
S or M
Trapezius and SCM
Exits jugular foramen
Pure motor
CN 12 Hypoglossal
Function
Location
S or M
Tongue muscles and contributes to trapezius, SCM, soft palate and pharynx
Hypoglossal canal (skull)
Pure motor
