Tongue Flashcards
The tongue is a unique _____ structure located on the ______ of the _____
Muscular
Floor
Oral cavity
The average length of the tongue is about _____cm and width ____ cm
10
3
Functions of the tongue:
•Manipulates food for mastication
•Rolling of food to aid swallowing process
•Sensation(taste buds)
•Phonetic articulation
Name the regions of the tongue:
Apex
Body
Root
The apex of the tongue is a ____ and _____ _____end(or tip) directed forward against the _______ surfaces of the ______ teeth.
Thin
Narrow
Anterior
Lingual
Incisor
The body of the tongue is the ______ of the tongue.
Anterior two third
Root of the tongue is directed _______ (______) and connected with the _____ , ______ and ______
Posteriorly
Posterior third
Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Oropharynx
The body and apex of the tongue is extremely _____ while the root is ____.
Mobile
Fixed
The _____ and _____ of the tongue is extremely mobile while the _____ is fixed.
Body
Apex
Root
How many surfaces does the tongue have? Name them
Two
Ventral surface
Dorsal surface
The ventral surface is the ____ surface in contact with the _____ of the mouth and can be elevated by a distinct ____ cold called the ______.
Smooth
Floor
Vertical
FRENULUM LINGUAE
Role of frenulum linguae:
Allows the anterior part of the tongue to move freely.
The Dorsal surface of the tongue is the ____ _____ surface marked by a _____ which divides it into _______ halves.
Superior
Rough
MEDIAN SULCUS
Symmetrical
Dorsum of the tongue is characterized by a ____ shaped groove called ____ which is a _____ groove. The angle of which runs ____ wards from the median ______(___).
V
TERMINAL SULCUS
Shallow
Lateral
FORAMEN CAECUM(pit)
Explain the foramen caecum:
It is the non-functional remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal duct where the thyroid gland descended from.
The _______ divides the dorsum of the tongue in to anterior part in the ______ and the posterior part in the _____.
Terminal sulcus
Oral cavity proper
Oropharynx
The dorsum of the anterior 2/3rd contains ______.
PAPILLAE
Define papillae:
Small numerous projections
The posterior 1/3rd of the dorsum contains ____
Tonsil
Tonsil are ___ shaped masses of ______ which gives the posterior third of the dorsum an ______ appearance known as _____
Oval
Lymphoid nodule
Irregular cobble stone
Lingual tonsil
Papillae of the tongue can be defined as ______/_____ or ______ of _____ membrane.
Elevations
Projections
Folds
Mucous
Papillae are distributed over the ______ part of the dorsum of the tongue giving its surface a characteristic ______
Anterior
Roughness
A large number of papillae contain _____ which are receptors used in detecting ____ perception; namely(4)
Taste buds
Taste
Salty, sour, bitter and sweet
Types of papillae on the tongue:
Circumvallate papillae
Folate papillae
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Circumvallate papillae run in an _____ ___ pattern and lie directly _____ to the terminal sulcus. They are ___ - ___ in number. They are ___ papillae with ____ tips and ____ bases(____). Each one is surrounded by a ___ groove(____/_____)
Inverted V
Anterior
8-12
Large
Broad
Constricted (conical)
Deep ( Trench or valley)
Circumvallate papillae are embedded deeply on the tongue and do not project on the surface as the other papillae. They contain ___ taste buds.
Many
Folate papillae are found ____ to the circumvallate papillae on the two_____ margins. They are ______ or ____ found in humans. Each papillae has _____ taste buds.
Anterio-lateral
Lateral
Rudimentary/rarely
Many
Filiform papillae are the ____ numerous covering the dorsum. ____, _____ , ____ papillae. They have ___ taste buds.
Most
Threadlike, thin, long
No
Fungiform papillae are _____-like shaped, ____ papillae. They are ____ but much less frequent than _____. They are found chiefly at the ____ around the ____ and ____.
Mushroom
Short
Larger
Filiform papillae
Sides
Tip and apex
Fungiform papillae is a_______ connective tissue core giving it a ____ coloration in the living state and ______
Highly vascularized
Red
May contain taste buds
Taste buds are ____ shaped structures located in the ______ that form the papillae on the _____,_____,____ and ____.
NOTE: taste buds are found within the epithelium of all papillae.
Flask
Epithelium
Dorsum of the tongue
Soft palate
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Each taste bud is ____ at both ends. It is made up of ___ types of cells, namely;
Constricted
Three
•Neuroepithelial taste /Gustatory cells
•Supporting or sustentacular cells
•Basal cells
Neuroepithelial taste cells are ____ shaped cells which act as ____ occupying the ____ portion of the bud. The superficial surface is seen with ___ or ____ that project into the taste pore. They have an _____,____ nuclei and it’s based is connected to ____ that give the function of ____
Spindle
Chemoreceptors
Central
Hairlets/ microvilli
Enlongated ,Central
Sensory nerve fibres
Carry impulses or taste sensation to the brain(afferent Nerve)
Supporting cells are ____,_____ cells which form the ____ of the taste bud
Elongated columnar
Outer wall
Sustentacular cells form synapses at their base.
True/ False
False. They do not form synapses at their base.
Basal cells are ____ cells in the ____ portion of tastebuds thought to be ____ ____ for taste cells/undifferentiated or _____ taste cells.
Small
Basal
Stem cells
Immature
List the structural components of the tongue:
Muscles
Epithelium
The muscles of the tongue is ____/____. They are connected to _____ at its posterior end.
Skeletal/striated
Hyoid bone
Name two types of muscles of the tongue:
Intrinsic muscles
Extrinsic muscles
The intrinsic muscles form the ___ of the tongue. It has _____ muscles on each side of the _____ of the tongue, they originate and insert within the tongue. Function of these muscles:
Bulk
Four paired
Median septum
They alter the shape of the tongue by lengthening, shortening, curling,uncurling, flattening and rounding
Intrinsic muscles are named according to how they travel.
True/False
True
Superior longitudinal runs ____ along the ____ surface of the tongue under the mucous membrane from the median septum near the ____and ____ to the margins of the tongue.
Anterio-posteriorly
Superior
Epiglottis
Hyoid bone
Inferior longitudinal run from the ___ to the ____ of the tongue ____ the superior longitudinal muscle.
Root
Apex
Below
Verticalis is found in the ___ of the tongue and joins ____ and ___
Middle
Superior and inferior longitudinal musvks
Transversus arises from the ______ to the ____ of the tongue.
Median fibrous septum
Sides
The tongue is lined or covered by ______ epithelium
Stratified squamous
Extrinsic muscle are ____ muscles which originates from structures _____ the tongue(anchored to bone) and age inserted into the tongue.
Four paired
Outside
Function of extrinsic muscle:
Change the position of the tongue by protruding, retracting, depressing and elevating
______ connected the tongue with the mandible
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus arises from the ____ and ____ of the ____ to enter the ____ is the tongue.
Body
Greater Cornu
Hyoid bone
Sides
_______ arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the ___ of the tongue
Styloglossus
Surface
____ connects the tongue to the ___ palate
Palatoglossus
Soft palate
Blood supply of tongue:
Primary supply:
Secondary supply:
Lingual Artery from external carotid artery
Tonsillar branches of the facial artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery
Drainage of tongue:
Lingual veins which drain into INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
Nerve supply of tongue:
(General Sensory innervation)
Anterior 2/3rd: Lingual Nerve of V3
Posterior 1/3rd: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Nerve supply to tongue:
(Special sensory for taste)
Anterior 2/3rd: Chorda tympani branch of facial Nerve
Posterior 1/3rd: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Motor innervation:.
Hypoglossal Nerve supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscle except Palatoglossus
Palatoglossus muscle is innervated by:
Vagus Nerve CN X
Applied anatomy:
Gag reflex
Ankyloglossia
Paralysis of genioglossus
Macroglossia
Microglossia
Surgical removal of the part of tongue is _____ and used for treatment of _____
Partial glossectomy
Macroglossia
