Pharynx Flashcards
Pharynx (aka _____) is a _____, _____ tube
Throat
Fibromuscular
Hollow
It is about ___ — ___ cm in length and broader in the _____ than in the _____ diameter
12-14
Transverse
Anterior-posterior
The pharynx is a common channel for both ____ and ____
Deglutition(swallowing)
Respiration
Functions of pharynx
_____ which is a group of lymphoid tissue for _____mechanism
Tonsils
Defense
The pharynx acts as a _____ for surrounding structures such as ___,____,___
Support
Palate
Auditory tune
Tongue
The pharynx begins from behind the _____ to behind the _____ where it because continuous with the ____
Nasal cavity
Larynx
Oesophagus
Subdivisions is the pharynx are:
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx is also known as
Epipharynx
Oropharynx is also known as
Mesopharynx
Laryngopharynx is also known as
Hypopharynx
Nasopharynx is the most _____ portion that lies behind the _____
Cephalic
Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx forms part of the ______ system
Respiratory
The nasopharynx begins at the ______ to the ______
Posterior nasal limit
Pharyngeal isthmus
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the _______
( one can feel this opening using the side of the tongue)
Auditory tube.
(This allows air passage to the middle ear for balancing)
The ______ or ______ is a depression behind the opening of the auditory tube. It contains ____ aka ____
Pharyngeal recess or fossa of Rosenmüller
Retropharyngeal lymph node aka Node of Rouvier
The oropharynx lies behind the ____
Oral cavity
It begins at the _____ to the _____ border of the _____
Isthmus
superior
Epiglottis
The oropharynx forms part of the ______ and _____ system
Digestive
Respiratory
The laryngopharynx is the _____ part of the pharynx
Caudal
The laryngopharynx begins from the _____ border of the ____ and ends at the _____ border of the ______
Superior
Epiglottis
Inferior
Cricoid cartilage
Laryngopharynx has both respiratory and digestive function.
True/False
False
Laryngopharynx has only digestive functions.
The pharynx consists of _____ layers of structures from within to outward namely:
Four
Mucous membrane
Fibrous coat
Muscular coat
Fasciae coat(buccopharyngeal fascia)
The pharyngeal mucus membrane is the most ____ compartment lined with _____
Internal
Epithelium
NOTE: Regions of the pharynx are lined with continuous epithelium lining of neighboring structure.
Nasopharynx»_space;>
Orophraynx»>
Laryngopharynx»_space;»
Psuedostratufied columnar epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Why does the oropharynx and laryngopharynx have non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Because those areas are subject to frequent wear and tear
Pharyngeal muscles are group of muscles that form the ____ of the pharynx and are located ____ to the pharyngeal fascia
Bulk
Deep
Three functions of the pharyngeal muscles:
Determining the shape of the pharynx
Contracts to propel food
Maintain cavity for air passage
The pharyngeal muscles are arranged in two layers namely:
Outer circular layer
Inner longitudinal layer
The outer circular layer is made of:
Inferior constrictor muscle
Middle constrictor muscle
Superior constrictor muscle
The inner longitudinal layer consists:
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
The outer circular layer has the function of:
Constricting the lumen and propelling food into the oesophagus
Inferior constrictor muscle is the ______ of the three constrictor muscles. It arises from ___ areas and the fibers spread ______ and ______ to be inserted into the fibrous ______ in the _______ line of the pharynx
Thickest
Two( it has two origins)
Backward and medial-ward
Pharyngeal Raphe
Posterior median line of the pharynx
The first origin is from the _______ and is known as the ______
The second origin arises from the _________ and is known as the ______
Thyroid cartilage - thyropharyngeal part
Cricoid cartilage- cricopharyngeal part
The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a ____ shaped muscle. It arises from the whole length of the ____ border of the _____ and _____ border of the _____. It inserts into the ______ blending in the middle line with its same on the opposite side.
Fan
Upper; greater Cornu of the hyoid bone
Lower border of the lesser cornu
Posterior median fibrous raphe
Explain the course of upper,middle and lower fibres of the fan shaped middle constrictor muscle
The fibers diverge from their origin: the lower ones descend beneath the inferior constrictor, the middle fibres pass transversely and the upper fibres ascend and overlap the superior constrictor.
The superior constructor muscle is the _____ located muscle of the three pharyngeal muscles. It is a ______ muscle
Highest
Quadrilateral
The superior constrictor is divided into four parts based on its origin. The fibres curve ____ to be inserted into the ______ of the pharynx.
Pterygopharyngeal part
Buccopharyngeal part
Glossopharyngeal part
Mylopharyngeal part
Backwards
Median raphe
Pterygopharyngeal part>
Buccopharyngeal part>
Glossopharyngeal part>
Mylopharyngeal part>
•from the lower border of the posterior margin of the medial Pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone process or medial limb)
• from the pterygomandibular raphe(ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia)
•a few fibres from the posterior side of the tongue
•from alveolar process of the mandible
The inner longitudinal layer acts to?
Name all 3 muscles in this category:
Shorten the pharynx during swallowing
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus muscle extends form the ______ of _____. It is a ____,____ muscle that is ___ above and ___below
Styloid process of temporal bone
Long, slender
Cylindrical above
Flattened below
Palatopharyngeus muscle extends from the ____ in the _____ to blend with the pharynx. It is ___,____ fasciculus , narrower in the _____ than at _____
Palate
Roof of the mouth
Long,fleshy
Middle
Either end
The salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the _____/______ in the nasal cavity then passes downward to blend with the fibers of the _________
Eustachian tube or pharyngotymoanic tube
Palatopharyngeus muscle
The pharynx is supplied by the ________
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery( external carotid artery> common carotid artery> arch of aorta)
Most of the sensory and motor supply is by ______ and ______ nerves respectively
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
