Parathyroid Gland

Question 1

The parathyroid glands are _____ , _____ glands that produce ______

Answer 1

Small
Endocrine
Parathyroid hormone(PTH)

Question 2

Parathyroid gland is about the size of _____ and is _____ in colour.

Answer 2

Rice grain
Yellowish brown

Question 3

Dimension of the parathyroid gland:
Length: ___
Width: ____
Thickness: ____

Answer 3

Length:6mm
Width:4mm
Thickness: 2mm

Question 4

The parathyroid glands usually weighs between ____ - ____ in humans

Answer 4

25mg-50mg

Question 5

The parathyroid gland is located on the _______ surface of the thyroid gland
N/B: Sometimes, parathyroid gland is located within(rare cases) the thyroid gland.

Answer 5

Posterior

Question 6

The parathyroid glands are named for their ______ to the thyroid gland but serve a completely _____ role than the thyroid gland.

Answer 6

Proximity
Different

Question 7

Parathyroid glands are normally ____ in number; positioned higher are called the ______ while the lower two are called the _____. Occasionally, some individuals may have ___ , ___ or even more.

Answer 7

Four
Superior parathyroid glands
Inferior parathyroid glands
Six, eight

Question 8

The major function of the parathyroid gland is to ______ through the secretion of ______

Answer 8

Maintain the body’s calcium levels
Parathyroid hormones

Question 9

When blood calcium levels drop below a certain point, _______ in the parathyroid gland are activated to release hormone into the blood to increase calcium level .
Therefore, PTH opposes the function of ______ produced by the thyroid gland

Answer 9

calcium-sensing receptors
Calcitonin

Question 10

Action of parathyroid hormone:

Answer 10

Bone: stimulate osteoclasts activity
GIT: stimulates the activation of vitamin D
Kidney: stimulate Ca2+ absorption

Question 11

The parathyroid gland is an ____ structure seen ____ the thyroid gland.

Answer 11

Oval
Behind

Question 12

Histology:
Microscopically, the parathyroid glands consist ________ columns of cells supported by _______ containing rich supply of ________

Answer 12

Intercommunicating
Connective tissue
Blood capillaries

Question 13

Histology:
Microscopically, the parathyroid glands consist ________ columns of cells supported by _______ containing rich supply of ________

Answer 13

Intercommunicating
Connective tissue
Blood capillaries

Question 14

Parathyroid glands are made up of ___ kind of cells, namely:

Answer 14

Two
Principal/chief cells
Oxyphil cells

Question 15

Describe the blood supply of parathyroid gland.

Answer 15

The blood supply of the parathyroid gland is from the thyroid gland.

Question 16

Superior parathyroid glands get blood supply from _____ and the inferior parathyroid glands get blood supply from ______

Answer 16

Superior parathyroid artery which arises from anastomoses network of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Inferior parathyroid artery which arises from the inferior thyroid artery

Question 17

Innervation of parathyroid gland is by _____.

Answer 17

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 18

Sympathetic innervation of parathyroid glands:

Answer 18

Superior Sympathetic Cervical Ganglion
Middle Sympathetic Cervical Ganglion

Question 19

Parasympathetic innervation of the parathyroid gland:

Answer 19

Vagus Nerve

Question 20

Hyperparathyroidism causes _____ of the parathyroid hormone(due to ______) high can lead to _____ which can lead to :

Answer 20

Over secretion
Tumor of the parathyroid gland
Hypercalcemia
Kidney stones
Osteoporosis
Atrial Fibrillation

Question 21

Hypoparathyroidism is ______/______ and causes ______ of parathyroid hormone which leads to _____

Answer 21

Rare/ uncommon
Undersecretion
Low Ca2+ level