Tolerance and Autoimmunity Flashcards
Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in SLE.
T cells: pathogenic, help for antibody
B cells: present antigen to T cells
Antibodies: pathogenic
Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in type I diabetes.
T cells: pathogenic
B cells: present antigen to T cells
Antibody: unclear, present
Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in Myasthenia gravis.
T cell: help for antibody
B cells: antibody secretion
Antibody: pathogenic
Describe the roles of T and B cells and antibodies in MS.
T cell: pathogenic
B cells: present antigen to T cells
Antibody: unclear, present.
In which organs in the Type IV collagen non-collagenous domain found?
Kidney, lung, testis, neuromuscular junction, choroidal plexus.
List the clinical features of SLE
Skin disease, GN, autoantibodies to nuclear proteins, anaemia, reduces platelets/WBCs, joint disease, pleurisy, cerebritis/psychosis
What signalling molecules to Treg cells express?
CD4+, CD25 (growth factor for IL-2 receptor alpha), Foxp3 (lineage specific factor)
Some express IL-10 and TGF-beta
Which cytokine can immature DCS use to induce Tregs?
TGF-beta
What are the fate-specifying cytokines for TH1 cells?
IFN-gamma, IL-12
What are the fate-specifying cytokines for TH2 cells?
IL-4
What cytokine do Th-1 cells secrete?
IFN-gamma
Which cytokines do Th2 cells secrete?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
What are the fate-specifying cytokines for TH17 cells?
TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-23
What are the fate-specifying cytokines for Tfh cells?
IL-6
What are the fate-specifying cytokines for Treg cells?
TGF-beta, IL-2
Which cytokines do Th17 cells secrete?
IL-17, IL-22
Which cytokines do Tfh cells secrete?
IL-21
Which cytokines do iTreg cells secrete?
TGF-beta, IL-10
Which DR allele is protective against Goodpasture’s syndrome?
DR-1, generate Treg cells in the thymus
DR-7
Which DR allele confers susceptibility to Goodpasture’s syndrome?
DR15, more naive effector T cells produced
Which signal is inhibitory of co-stimulation?
CTLA4
What is FORp3?
Transcription factor in Treg cells
Which disease do mice with IL-10 deficiency develop?
Inflammatory bowel disease through loss of normal regulation of gut immunity
Mutations in which gene may lead to loss of central tolerance?
AIRE
Mutations in which gene may lead to loss of peripheral tolerance?
Foxp3, Treg failure
Mutations in which gene may lead to antigen clearance and presentation abnormalitie?
C1q
Mutations in which gene may lead to loss of apoptosis?
Fas
