Innate Immunity in Inflammatory Disease Flashcards
Which TLRs are on the endosomal membrane?
TLR3 (dsRNA), TLR7 (ssRNA), TLR9 (CpG DNA)
Which TLRs are on the cell membrane?
TLR1/2 (triacyl lipopeptides), TLR4 (LPS), TLR5 (flagellin), TLR6/2 (diacyl lipopeptides)
What does TLR9 recognise?
CpG DNA- viruses
What does TLR4 recognise?
LPS- mainly G-ve bacteria
What does TLR5 recognise?
Flagellin
What is the function of IL-1beta?
Activates vascular endothelium and lymphocytes
Local tissue destruction
Increases access of effector cells
Early mediator
What are the systemic effects of IL-1beta?
Fever, production of IL-6
What is the function of TNF-alpha?
Activates vascular endothelium, increases permeability.
Increases IgG, complement, cells, fluid drainage to lymph nodes.
Early mediator
What are the systemic effects of TNF-alpha?
Fever, mobilisation of metabolites, shock.
What is the function of IL-6?
Lymphocyte activation, increased antibody production.
What are the systemic effects of IL-6?
Fever, acute-phase protein production.
What is the function of chemokine CXCL8?
Recruits neutrophils, basophils, T cells
What is the function of IL-12?
Activates NK cells.
Induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into TH1 cells.
Which IL is important for neutrophil recruitment by Th17 cells?
IL-17
Which chemokines primarily allow movement of neutrophils?
IL-8/CXCL8.
What is myo-peroxidase?
Protein in neutrophils
Which Fc receptor is expressed by neutrophils?
Fc-gamma, for IgG
What are the three ways of neutrophil death?
Apoptosis, necrosis, NETosis
What does NETs contain?
Histones, DNA, anti-bacterial peptides, enzymes (MPO), proteases.
What colour to NETs stain?
White
What molecules are important for rolling of leukocytes?
Selectins
What molecules are responsible for adhesion of leukocytes?
Adhesion molecules (e.g. ICAM)
Which adhesion molecule recruits neutrophils?
IL-8 attractant
Which adhesion molecule recruits neutrophils?
CCL2
Of what type are chemokine receptors?
GPCR
What are the two main types of chemokine receptor?
CXC- classically neutrophil recruiting
CC- monocellular leukocytes
Which cytokines do early pro-inflammatory macrophages express?
IL-1beta, TNF
Which cytokine to later anti-inflammatory macrophages express?
TGF-beta
Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate endothelial cells to transition into myofibroblasts?
Cytokines, ROS, TGF-beta1, PDFG
Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate epithelial cells to transition into myofibroblasts?
TNF, IL-1, TGF-beta1
Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate pericytes to transition into myofibroblasts?
PDFG, FGF-2. TGF-beta1, IGF-1
Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate mesangial cells and fibroblasts to transition into myofibroblasts?
TGF-beta1, PDGF, FGF-2
Which complement components for the MAC?
Cb5-C9
What is the function of complements C3a, C5a and C4a?
Recruit leukocytes
