Innate Immunity in Inflammatory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Which TLRs are on the endosomal membrane?

A

TLR3 (dsRNA), TLR7 (ssRNA), TLR9 (CpG DNA)

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2
Q

Which TLRs are on the cell membrane?

A

TLR1/2 (triacyl lipopeptides), TLR4 (LPS), TLR5 (flagellin), TLR6/2 (diacyl lipopeptides)

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3
Q

What does TLR9 recognise?

A

CpG DNA- viruses

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4
Q

What does TLR4 recognise?

A

LPS- mainly G-ve bacteria

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5
Q

What does TLR5 recognise?

A

Flagellin

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6
Q

What is the function of IL-1beta?

A

Activates vascular endothelium and lymphocytes
Local tissue destruction
Increases access of effector cells
Early mediator

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7
Q

What are the systemic effects of IL-1beta?

A

Fever, production of IL-6

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8
Q

What is the function of TNF-alpha?

A

Activates vascular endothelium, increases permeability.
Increases IgG, complement, cells, fluid drainage to lymph nodes.
Early mediator

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9
Q

What are the systemic effects of TNF-alpha?

A

Fever, mobilisation of metabolites, shock.

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10
Q

What is the function of IL-6?

A

Lymphocyte activation, increased antibody production.

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11
Q

What are the systemic effects of IL-6?

A

Fever, acute-phase protein production.

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12
Q

What is the function of chemokine CXCL8?

A

Recruits neutrophils, basophils, T cells

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13
Q

What is the function of IL-12?

A

Activates NK cells.

Induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into TH1 cells.

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14
Q

Which IL is important for neutrophil recruitment by Th17 cells?

A

IL-17

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15
Q

Which chemokines primarily allow movement of neutrophils?

A

IL-8/CXCL8.

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16
Q

What is myo-peroxidase?

A

Protein in neutrophils

17
Q

Which Fc receptor is expressed by neutrophils?

A

Fc-gamma, for IgG

18
Q

What are the three ways of neutrophil death?

A

Apoptosis, necrosis, NETosis

19
Q

What does NETs contain?

A

Histones, DNA, anti-bacterial peptides, enzymes (MPO), proteases.

20
Q

What colour to NETs stain?

A

White

21
Q

What molecules are important for rolling of leukocytes?

A

Selectins

22
Q

What molecules are responsible for adhesion of leukocytes?

A

Adhesion molecules (e.g. ICAM)

23
Q

Which adhesion molecule recruits neutrophils?

A

IL-8 attractant

24
Q

Which adhesion molecule recruits neutrophils?

A

CCL2

25
Q

Of what type are chemokine receptors?

A

GPCR

26
Q

What are the two main types of chemokine receptor?

A

CXC- classically neutrophil recruiting

CC- monocellular leukocytes

27
Q

Which cytokines do early pro-inflammatory macrophages express?

A

IL-1beta, TNF

28
Q

Which cytokine to later anti-inflammatory macrophages express?

A

TGF-beta

29
Q

Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate endothelial cells to transition into myofibroblasts?

A

Cytokines, ROS, TGF-beta1, PDFG

30
Q

Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate epithelial cells to transition into myofibroblasts?

A

TNF, IL-1, TGF-beta1

31
Q

Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate pericytes to transition into myofibroblasts?

A

PDFG, FGF-2. TGF-beta1, IGF-1

32
Q

Via which signalling molecules do macrophages activate mesangial cells and fibroblasts to transition into myofibroblasts?

A

TGF-beta1, PDGF, FGF-2

33
Q

Which complement components for the MAC?

A

Cb5-C9

34
Q

What is the function of complements C3a, C5a and C4a?

A

Recruit leukocytes