Immunity Flashcards
List the three autoantigenic targets in ANCA glomerulonephritis
MPO, PR3 and LAMP-2
What is the autoantigenic target in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis?
Collagen IV NC1 domain (a3(IV)NC1)
What is the autoantigenic target in Lupus nephritis?
Nuclear histones as well as others
What is a major short-term consequence of type 1 diabetes?
Ketoacidosis
Is MHC I up-regulated or down-regulated in type 1 diabetes?
Up-regulated
What is the autoantigenic target in multiple sclerosis?
Myelin
Which T cells are involved in multiple sclerosis?
TH1, TH17
What is a common therapy type for rheumatoid arthritis?
Anti-TNF therapies
How many people start treatment for permanent kidney failure each year?
2500
What is the GFR?
120ml/min
What is the daily urine output?
1-20L/day
What are the two types of cell-mediated immune mechanisms in glomerular injury?
i) Effector Th1 or Th17 cells recognise intrinsic or planted antigen
ii) CD8 cells recognise antigens with MHC-I on intrinsic cells.
Which type of hypersensitivity if predominantly seen in anti-GBM nephritis?
Type II (antibody-antigen)
Which type of hypersensitivity in seen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Type III (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivity is seen in Crescentic GN?
Type IV (cell-mediated effectors)
What pattern of staining in seen in anti-GBM nephritis?
Linear, ribbon-like
What pattern of staining is seen is lupus nephritis?
Granular
What predominantly makes up crescents?
Fibrin and proliferating endothelium cells
How do mesangial cells contribute to GN?
have macrophage-like functions, e.g. cytokine, ROS release, matrix production
How do endothelial cells (podocytes) contribute to GN?
Cytokine, ROS release, altered permeability
What is the current gold-standard treatment for GN/autoimmune disease?
Cyclophosphamide, a prodrug of phosphoramide mustard.
Which autoimmune diseases can Rituximab (anti-CD20) be used for?
Rheumatoid arthritis, ANCA-GN
