Cancer Epidemiology Flashcards
What percentage of cancers are due to inherited mutations?
5-10%
Give two examples of inherited cancers
Familial breast/ovarian cancers BRCA 1/2
Hereditary colon cancer
What are the mutations that lead to sporadic colorectal cancer?
5q loss APC DNA-demethylation 12p activation K-ras 18q loss DCC 17p loss p53 Other
What percentage of cancer is attributed to poor lifestyle?
1/3
What are the incidence and mortality for lung cancer in men like?
Both are high
What are the incidence and mortality for prostate cancer in men like?
High incidence, lower mortality
What are the incidence and mortality for breast cancer in women like?
High incidence, lower mortality
Which two cancers have the highest incidence?
Lung and breast
Which three cancers have the second highest incidence each (in order from highest to lowest)?
Bowel, prostate, stomach
Compare years of life lost (YLL) to mortality in breast cancer .
The years of life lost are greater as often young women are killed.
What percentage of cancers is attributed to smoking?
22%
What percentage of cancers in less developed countries is attributed to specific infections?
23.4%
What percentage of cancers in developed countries is attributed to specific infections?
7.5%
What parameters need to be known to determine the attributable burden?
Past prevalence of population exposure to risk
Relative risk of association with a cancer disease
What percentage of mouth and oropharynx cancers in med are attributable to alcohol?
22%
What percentage of breast and colorectal cancer mortalities is attributable to a high BMI, respectively?
19%
26%
What percentage of breast cancer is attributable to high BMI?
40%
What percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma is attributed to HBV and HCV, respectively?
50%
20%
What cancers are caused by HPV?
90% of anal cancer
40% of external genitalia cancer
All cervical cancers
To what percentage of cancer does pollution attribute to?
1-4%
What percentage of cancers is preventable?
30-40%
How many deaths each year are attributed to alcohol?
3.3 million. 5.9%
When is the HBV vaccine first received?
Neonates
What portion of breast cancer risks are modifiable?
2/3
What PAF% does smoking contribute to, in terms of lung cancer?
81%
