Tolerance

Question 1

What is tolerance?

Answer 1

immunological non responsiveness
(turning the immune system off)

tolerance can be induced

Question 2

What happens with random generation?

Answer 2

possibility of generating auto-reactive cells

can be dangerous

Question 3

How can tolerance be induced?

Answer 3

multiple blood transfusions prior to grafting can increase survival of human kidney transplants

in mice, can transfer tolerance from one animal to another (= active process)

Question 4

When should self reactiive cells be eliminated?

Answer 4

during development

Question 5

What is central tolerance?

Answer 5

destruction of self-reactive cells

occurs in bone marrow for bcell

thymus for tcells (negative selection)

not all self reactive cells are not destroyed

Question 6

What is peripheral tolerance?

Answer 6

in the periphery, self-reactive cells should have tolerance (= anergic) to these self molecules (non-reactive)

Question 7

What is autoimmunity?

Answer 7

failure of self-versus-non-self

Question 8

Is tolerance general?

Answer 8

it is antigen specific

Question 9

What are tolerance inducers for outside antigens?

Answer 9

high doses of antigen(might be self)

persistence of antigen in host(chronic infections)

i.v. or oral introduction(usually weakened immune response)(waste of energy to respond to every antigen through oral cavity)

absence of adjuvants

low levels (or lack) of co-stimulator molecules