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DRT PEDS > Toddler/ Preschool > Flashcards

Toddler/ Preschool Flashcards

1
Q

toddler age

A

1-3years

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2
Q

head circumference until. ?

A

2 years of age

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3
Q

Jean Piaget for toddler

A

Preoperational
years 2-7
egocentric in thoughts
animism
pretend play

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4
Q

Erik Erikson for toddler

A

autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage
-greater sense of personal control which in turn promotes confidence

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5
Q

WCC screenings

A

Ages 6years and younger:
Ages and Stages Questionnaire -done by parents
Denver Development

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6
Q

BP screening?

A

3 years of age

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7
Q

Anemia screening in toddler

A

between 1 year and 5 years
via checking hematocrit

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8
Q

Lead screening for toddler

A

questionnaires for children in high risk areas, such as large , urban cities
6mo-6years

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9
Q

Tuberculosis screening for toddlers

A

PPD for ages 4 and 6years

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10
Q

Cholesterol screening for toddlers

A

2 years of age to assess for Family Hx of dyslipidemia, CV risk factors

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11
Q

Dental screening for toddlers

A

ideally occur after first tooth eruption and no later than age 1

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12
Q

WCC schedule

A

12mo/15mo/18mo
WCC at 2 years of age should be annually

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13
Q

weight and height measured when for toddler?

A

at each visit till 2 years and then annually

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14
Q

Anterior fontanel

A

closes between 12mo and 18mo
delayed closure may indicate hypothyroidism and Down syndrome

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15
Q

teeth for toddler

A

primary teeth at 6mo
permanent teeth at 6 years

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16
Q

crying toddler can cause what for ear exam?

A

Childs tympanic membrane may appear red

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17
Q

lymph nodes assessment

A

-assess for for neck masses
-shotty nodes are normal findings w/ 1-2cm enlargment typically present post-infection

18
Q

periorbital edema in toddle

A

may indicate Nephrotic Syndrome

19
Q

Fissures at corner of lips for toddler

A

may indicate a vitamin deficiency

20
Q

toddler mouth breathing

A

may indicate allergic rhinitis

21
Q

child squatting during play

A

may indicate cardiac disorder
Tetrology of Fallot

22
Q

orbital and eyelids edema in toddlers

A

CV disease, bc toddlers do not have dependent edema

23
Q

PMI for toddlers

A

4th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

24
Q

Genu Varum
Genu Valgum

A

bowlegs: resolves 2years of age
knocked knees: resolves by age 7

25
Q

Toddler Motor Skills

A

2 years
-walk up and down steps
-run
-kick a ball
-build a tower of blocks four or more

3 years
-ride a tricycle
-copy a circle

4 years
-begin to hop and show ability to draw a person w/ at least 2 body parts
-training wheels

5 years
-skip
-copy squares and other shapes
-draw person with 5 body parts

26
Q

Peroperational/ pre conceptual

A

Jean Piaget
ages 2-7
-egocentrism
-animism

preconceptual substage: 2-4 years
intuitive substage: 4-7 years

27
Q

Visual Acuity of toddler

A

performed with older than 3 years of age
-20/30 is normal
2+3=5years

28
Q

Hearing test for toddler

A

3 years of age and older
-play audiometry, similar to pure tone audiometry, except that the child performs specific play actions when he or she hears tones

29
Q

language of toddlers

A

2 words by 2 years
3 words by 3 years
4 words by 4 years
5 words by 5 years

30
Q

Autonomy v Shame and Doubt

A

Erik Erikson
-2-3 years
-sense of independence by gaining personal control
parallel play

31
Q

Gold Standard Screening for Developmental delays

A

Bayley Scales of infant and toddler Development
(BAYLEY-III)

32
Q

Toddler Nutrition and Feeding

A

-bottle should be weaned to reduce the risk of tooth decay
-a sippy cup can be used around 10months
-forks and spoons by 18months

33
Q

Dental health of the toddler

A

-first dental exam by 1 year of age
-brushing twice a day, including before bed

34
Q

Sleep for toddlers

A

-10-12hours per night, and a daily afternoon nap

-Nightmares start before 3 and 6

-Night terror, episodes of extreme panic, last till age 12

35
Q

Toddler Toilet Training

A

-typically 1.5years of age -3years

-day control achieved around 3-4
-day and night control typically achieve around 4-5 years of age

-child never punished for incontinence

36
Q

Stuttering

A

Abnormal speech patterns marked by the presence of repetitions and pauses in speech, known as dysfluencies

-diagnosed by a language pathologist

-children referred if stutter last longer than 6months , older than 6years and stutter, or avoid speaking

Treatment:
-electronic devices, controlled fluency, and CBT

37
Q

PDD

A

Autism îs most common pervasive development disorder
-characterized by speech and language delays

-advance speech toddler with autism may use echolalia:
-repeating another words mechanically and meaninglessly

-M-CHAT-R= score >2 refer
-Aripiprazole and risperdone= PCP does not prescribe or refill there, they are antipsychotic and can only be prescribed or refilled by ASD specialist or psych

38
Q

Aspergers Syndrome (AS)

A

PDD
-overlaps high functioning autism in its often severe and sustained impairments in social interaction
-may exhibit obsessive compulsive tendencies
-speech is delayed but language is normal

39
Q

Rett’s Disorder (RTT)

A

PDD
-Neurologic. disorder that. causes developmental reversals and occurs exclusively in FEMALES

-developmental regression after a 5-month period of normal functioning and growth

-first stage, hypertonicity, delayed head growth
-stereotypic hand movements appear in all RTT
-scoliosis common and increases w/ age
-nervous system irritability, with drawl symptoms, and seizures

40
Q

Childhood disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

A

PDD
-begins with about two. years of normal development, followed by significant regression in multiple areas of functioning
-CDD more common in males
-more severe in females

DRT PEDS (11 decks)

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