Infant Health Flashcards
Infant health screenings
-regularly scheduled intervals
-starts at 1 month
-routine vaccinations, education, anticipatory guidence
Sensorimotor is. assessed how in. infants?
direct. observations by parents, teachers, and child care, providers
WCC begin?
1month post-birth
-2mo/4mo/6mo/9mo/12mo
-if infant is discharge prior to 48hr, infant first visit should be w/in 48hours
Ages and stages screening
parents assessment of their Childs language, social, motor, and problem solving
Infant height and weight and head circumference
every WCC, head circumference measured till 2 years of age
head control ?
4 months
no head lag when infant is pulled to sitting ?
6months
Posterior fontanels.
close 2months
-tirangualr shape
Anterior fontanels
closes 15-18months
-diamond shape
Flattened nasal bridge indicates?
FAS
Trismony 21
Shrill, high pitches cry indicates?
increased intracranial pressure
Abdomen is?
liver is palpable ?
prominent/ protruberant
-1-2cm below the right coastal margin
Diastasis recti
-separation. of the rectus abdomens muscle, common in infants and resolves on own, usually when infant starts using abdominal muscles
testes descend ?
-age 3 months
DDH
-typically present at birth
-findings such as asymmetry of skin fold thickness and unequal leg length indicates DDH
DDH can be detected by?
<3mo
Barlow Maneuver
Ortolani Maneuver
-palpable “clunk” is present upon reduction of the hip
>3mo
Allis
-unequal leg length, measure popliteal folds
Galeazzi Sign
-inequality in the height of the knees while patient lies down with his or her feet drawn in towards buttocks
infant lymph nodes
infants may present with enlargements in the inguinal and cervical nodes
-shotty nodes may indicate past infection
-Palpable Supraclavicular lymph nodes or nodes larger than 3mm should warrant urgent referral for possible malignancy
general lymphadenopathy- leukemia
Developmental disabilities screening when?
during WCCs
-9mo/18mo/ 24mo/30mo
-Denver II
-Bayley Scales of Infant Development
-The Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener
-ASQ
-Newborn Behavioral Assessment Scale
-Modified Checklist for Autism
Nervous System Development and function assessed how?
moro reflex
tonic neck reflex
Visual Acuity measured?
blink reflex and pupil constriction
Hearing screened ?
-otoacoustic emissions
-auditory brainstem response
Development of fear of strangers and fear of separation from parents?
7-9months
Breastfed exclusively until?
6months of age
-introduce iron fortified foods at this time
transitioned to whole milk when?
12months of age
limit to 24ounces per day to avoid micro-gastrointestinal bleeding
tooth decay common cause to asses for?
-prolonged baby bottle use
first dental visit?
1 year of age
fluoride given?
6months is no fluoride in water supply
sleep for 2months to 1 year of age
16-18hours per day with 2-3naps daily
sleep precautions for infants
-avoid parents sleeping with infant, bed-sharing can increase risks for SIDs
-put infants on back
-firm sleeping surface
-keeping soft objects out of crib
-pacifier at nap time and bedtime
-breastfeeding
Injury precaution for?
-falls
-burns
-posion
-choking
-drowning
Temperature of infants
high temps. b/c greater surface area to body weight ratio and higher metabolic rate
fever if rectal temp is greater than 100.4 F
Degrees of illness in infant
mildly ill 100.4F
-normal, alert, active feeding well, smiles
Moderately ill 102F
-fussy or irritable
-may be consolable and smile
Severely ill
-temp of 104F or greater
-listless
-cannot be consumes
-feed poorly or not at all
Hospital admission recommended if temp is above 100.4F
If no local site of infection can be found on infant think?
UTI
Pneumonia
another type of infection
management of fever
Tylenol
-ibuprofen if infant is not responding to Tylenol and closely monitored in hospital or undergoing sepsis workup
Tylenol 10-15mg/kg
Ibuprofen 5-10mg/kg
Infections causing fever at 1month
Group B strep
Gram negative enteric
infections causing fevers at 2 months
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Heamophilus Influenzae
