Todd- Childhood Disorders Flashcards
4 main areas of developmental delay
cognitive
sensorimotor
speech and language
social-emotional delays
definition of intellectual disability
intellectual + adaptive functioning deficits
3 domains of adaptive functioning
conceptual (academic)
social
independent living
85%, educable, attend special classes, able to function in community and hold a job
mild intellectual disability
10%, trainable, able to talk, recognize name, simple words, some self care (bathing, laundry), need special education classes, need a very supportive environment
moderate intellectual disability
smallest group, institutionalized setting early in life
severe intellectual disability
_____% of intellectual disability have no identifiable cause
50%
most common chromosomal cause of intellectual disability
Down syndrome
most common heritable cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X
common non-genetic cause of intellectual disability
fetal alcohol syndrome
perinatal and postnatal factors of intellectual disability
TORCH
O stand for other: (syphillis, AIDs, alc, illicits)
(FMR1 gene mutation; CGG)
Elongated face
Broad forehead
Large ears
Macro orchidism
Fragile X
Impaired ability to speak or convey information
communication disorder
difficulty learning or using spoken, written, or sign language – impairment can be expressive or receptive
language disorder
phonological problem, can’t produce intelligible articulate speech
speech sound disorder
childhood onset fluency disorder
stuttering
Difficulty with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication (socially awkward)
Like autism without restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities
social communication disorder
social communication deficits
+
restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities
autism spectrum disorder
Difficulty making and maintaining friends
autism spectrum disorder
usually diagnose autism spectrum disorder around when
2-3 yrs
who is more likely to be diagnosed with ASD
males over females
most common single gene cause of ASD
Fragile X
First 3-6 months may not exhibit normal smiling or cuddling
social communication delay needing to be addressed
ASD
Any delay in speech and language functioning should automatically first prompt a ______ test
hearing
ASD level 1
ASD level 2
ASD level 3
“high functioning Autism”
Difficulty with social interactions and a restricted range of interests and/or repetitive behaviors
No delays in language or cognitive development
– usually, level 1
Asperger’s
gold standard for ASD treatment
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
only FDA approved treatment for ASD
Risperidone
Aripiprazole
FDA approved drug for ASD that blocks serotonin and dopamine reuptake
Risperidone
FDA approved drug for ASD that is a partial dopamine receptor agonist
Aripiprazole
Inattention, and hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms (inattention more likely to persist into adulthood)
ADHD
6/9 sx’s for atleast 6 months
ADHD
symptoms present before age of 12
ADHD
Specify combined presentation, predominantly inattentive, or predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
ADHD
first line treatment for ADHD
stimulants
55% had a defect in DA transporter gene (dopamine transport)
ADHD patients
(methylphenidate or amphetamine)
inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, increased dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity in the prefrontal cortex
first line for ADHD
alpha 2 agonists also used as second line for ADHD
clonidine
gaunfacine
Discrepancy in achievement in a specific area of learning that is not consistent with person’s overall intellectual functioning
specific learning disorder
child who is well adapted to their environment, good social skills, and speech skills with normal IQ, but difficulty in reading comprehension (mismatching letters or words)
specific learning disorder
physically awkward, clumsy, delays in walking, crawling
developmental coordination disorder
repetitive, purposeless motor behaviors – hand waving, rocking, playing with hands, fiddling with fingers, twirling objects, head banging
stereotypic movement disorder
non-rhythmic “jerky” movements and vocalizations
Single vocal or motor = motor or vocal tic do
Onset 6-7 yrs; more common in boys
tic disorders
multiple motor and at least one vocal tic for at least one year
tourette syndrome
eye blinking, throat clearing
motor tic
grunting and barking
vocal tic
Premonitory urge with tension before _____and release after ____
tic
to treat tic disorders
alpha 2 agonists (clonidine, guanfacine)
May present during adolescence, see negative symptoms first (prodromal psychosis), sometimes looks like depression, but fail trials of antidepressants
Schizophrenia in children
young kids have stomach pain, nightmares, insomnia
Look for neurovegetative symptoms (decreased energy, change in appetite, sleep changes, poor concentration)
mood disorders
FDA approved treatment of pediatric depression
Fluoxetine and Escitalopram (block serotonin reuptake)
potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood that effect development and lead to other mental and physical health concerns
Adverse childhood experiences and toxic stress
Studies have pretty conclusively shown that there is a strong association between _______ and chronic health problems, mental illness, and substance use problems in adolescence and adulthood
Adverse childhood experiences
