Engeriser- Psychological Basis of Behavior Flashcards
_____result from adaptive or maladaptive learning
behaviors
behavioral response decreases overtime to stimulus
habituation
behavioral response increases overtime to stimulus
sensitization
vaccine example:child cries a lot at first and decreases over time
habituation
child experiences stronger behavioral reaction over time
sensitization
classical conditioning
process of conditioned response being learned
acquisition
decrease in behavior/complete disappearance
extinction
after extinction, salivate again
spontaneous recovery
similar stimulus but not the same will elicit salivation
stimulus generalization
electric shock with no chance of escape and will succumb to it and stop trying to escape
learned helplessness
happens during critical developmental periods; mother is there, ducklings will follow mom around
imprinting
in infancy, attach to primary caregivers—-> problem with this (neglect); lifelong issues with attachment
imprinting
Behave a certain way, and a response that happens (encourage to continue or discourage us to continue to behave that way)
operant conditioning
encourage a behavior
reinforcement
discourage a behavior
punishment
something that is added
positive
something that was there and taken away
negative
provides award for behavior
positive reinforcement
remove an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior
negative reinforcement
apply an unpleasant stimulus to decrease frequency of behavior
positive punishment
remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease the frequency of behavior
negative punishment
dinging in a car when you don’t strap in, but then stops when you do
negative reinforcement
insurance company sends $50 to you to continue your safe driving practices
postive reinforcement
tickets for speeding
positive punishment
taking away license for speeding
negative punishment
Encourage child to work hard at school and give them rewards: then stop giving rewards and they slip up
extinction in operant conditioning
dog sits and you give treat
continuous reinforcement
give reward after every certain number of behaviors
fixed ratio
unpredictable rewards (may or may not get reward when they sit)
variable ratio
reward after certain amount of time
fixed interval
unpredictable times for reward
variable interval
faster learning but prone to extinction
fixed
slower learning but less prone to extinction
variable
slot machines
variable ratio
begin to get rewards when behavior is similar to desired goal is achieved
shaping
number one way we will learn in 3rd years
Watch attending be a doctor and read their notes
modeling
help patients to relieve sx’s and have more adaptive functional behaviors
decrease anxiety level
HR: give them visual feedback on screen of HR going down on screen—-decreases their anxiety
biofeedback
helps people to learn desired behavior
someone brushes teeth, give them a coin and will use it for a snack in snack bar
token economy
Uses classical conditioning
pair it with adverse stimulus (like electric shock) when person does wrong behavior
Aversive conditioning
teach someone calming techniques then begin to expose them to thing that causes them anxiety and introduce it from a drawing to real life thing and then holding it (8-12 sessions)
systemic desensitization
where are the Fear conditioning circuit
Fear extinction circuits
amygdala
brains way of keeping us away from danger (survival)
fear conditioning circuit
a way of overriding original fear
fear extinction
come in constant contact with the scary thing until we get over it and relax (very effective but not comfortable)
virtual reality (program to be the exact scary scenario)
flooding
imagine coming into contact with the scary thing
PTSD: use versions of this
force them to think about and talk about experience (so they don’t remain psychologically stuck)
write it down, tell psychiatrist
implosion
