Moore- Life Cycle/Human Development Flashcards
influences on fetal development
drug exposure
stress
score to determine how ready is this child/how they responded to birth and resuscitation
Apgar score
after delivery, 3 things mothers can experience
baby blues
major depression
psychosis
Described a series of stages from Birth to Old Age
Each stage associated with specific tasks (person)
Eric Erikson
trust vs mistrust
infancy (birth to 18 months)
important event of this stage is feeding and outcome is hope
infancy (birth to 18 months)
autonomy vs shame and doubt
early childhood (2-3 yrs)
important event is toilet training and outcome is will
early childhood (2-3 yrs)
initiative vs guilt
preschool (3-5 yrs)
important event is exploration and outcome is purpose
preschool (3-5 yrs)
industry vs inferiority
school age (6-11 yrs)
important event is school and outcome is confidence
school age (6-11 yrs)
identity vs role confusion
adolescence (12-18 yrs)
important event is social relationships and outcome is fidelity
adolescence (12-18 yrs)
intimacy vs isolation
young adulthood (19-40 yrs)
important event is social relationships and outcome is love
young adulthood (12-18 yrs)
generativity vs stagnation
middle adulthood (40-65 yrs)
important events are work and parenthood and outcome is care
middle adulthood (40-65 yrs)
ego integrity vs despair
maturity (65 to death)
important event is reflection on life and outcome is wisdom)
maturity (65 to death)
where they can explore but also come back to parent
preschool (3-5)
building confidence (built by failure and have people around you and support you)
school age (6-11)
problem with this stage would be not knowing who you are
adolescence (12-18)
finding partner/family
young adulthood (19-40)
give back to the community
mid-life crisis
middle adulthood (40-65)
reflecting back on life
maturity (65 to death)
Identified stages of development from infancy to adolescence (person)
Jean Piaget
Piaget stage birth to 2 years
sensorimotor
Piaget stage 2-7 yrs
Preoperational thought
Piaget stage 7-11 yrs
concrete operational
Piaget 11-end of adolescence
formal operational
Piaget stage: understands world through senses and actions (give and take relationship)
sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs)
Piaget stage: understand world through language and mental images (explosion of language)
peroperational (2-7)
Piaget stage: understands world through logical thinking and categories (learning skills and gaining confidence)
concrete operational (7-12)
Piaget stage: understands world through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning
formal operational (12 yrs +)
psychosexual development (person)
Freud
Freud stage—– mouth: sucking, swallowing (EGO develops)
oral
Freud stage: anus- withholding or expelling feces
anal
Freud stage: penis or clitoris- masturbation (superego develops)
Phallic
Freud stage: little or no sexual motivation present
Latent
Freud stage: penis or vagina—-sexual intercourse
Genital
Freud stage: birth to 1 yr
oral
Freud stage: 1-3 yrs
Anal
Freud stage: 3-6 yrs
Phallic
Freud stage: 6-puberty
Latent
Freud stage: puberty to adulthood
Genital
Stages are named for the primary “drive” associated with the stage. Or, another way of saying this: Named for the primary work involved in moving forward to the next developmental stage
Freud’s psychosexual development
_____ behavior persists throughout childhood and into adulthood
attachment
good social adjustments
secure attachment
anxiety and emotional distress later in life
insecure attachment
first major task in life (1st yr)
form an attachment with the mother (caregiver)
good head control age
2 months
rolls prone to supine age
4 months
briefly sits alone, pivots to prone age
6 months
pulls to stand, cruises age
9 months
stands well, independent steps
12 months
runs
18 months
kicks ball, throws overhead
2 yrs
walks up stairs, catches ball
3 yrs
balances on one foot for 4 seconds, broad jump on one foot distance
4 yrs
walks downstairs, jumps backward
5 yrs
Reciprocal smile, recognizes parents/caregivers
2 months
Parent’s voice stops cry, smiles independently
4 months
Stranger anxiety, visually identifies parent
6 months
Follows a point, separation anxiety
9 months
Points to get objects, shows shared interest
12 months
Pretend play
18 months
Parallel play, begins defiance
2 yrs
Imaginative play, can share on own
3 yrs
Group play, has a preferred friend
4 yrs
Apologizes for error, has group of friends
5 yrs
innate temperamental differences that remain steady through development:
sleep, reactivity, mood, attention
most kids are ____ – stable positive mood, can establish a sleeping pattern
easy
do children need their parents to fail or be perfect
to fail (good enough parent)
what do kids need:
structure, consistency, limits, nurturing
_____attachment is the foundation that lets your child explore the world and have a safe place to come back to
secure or healthy
Babies cannot be _____. When they’re sick, upset or distressed, they need to know that you are there for them.
spoiled
A baby’s first attachment usually happens naturally. They cry and you try to give themwhat theyneed, but what should you really to for better sleep
let them cry and figure out how to get comfortable on their own
Neglect in the first 2 years
a condition where a child doesn’t form healthy emotional bonds with their caretakers (parental figures), often because of emotional neglect or abuse at an early age. Children with ______have trouble managing their emotions.
reactive attachment disorder
Withdrawn vs disinhibited (scared or anxious around others) or (don’t know boundaries)
reactive attachment disorder
use mom as a base to explore
learn to say no
parallel play
2-3 yrs (toddler)
Self feeds using hands or utensils
Points with index finger
Brings hands together to midline for use
Scribbles on paper
Stacks 2-6 block tower
12-24 months
Self feeds with utensils and open cup, some spillage.
Screws/unscrews lids
Holds crayon with thumb and fingers
Stacks 6-8 block tower, begins to follow block designs
Uses scissors to snip paper
Turns single pages in book
2-3 yrs
Self feeds with utensils and open cup, little spillage.
Snaps clothing, zips with assistance, begins to manipulate large buttons
Folds and creases paper
Holds pencil with thumb and fingers
Stack 9-10 block tower, begins to copy block designs (train, bridge, wall)
Uses scissor to cut along a thick, straight line
3-4 yrs
why learn these milestones
early intervention for better outcomes
goal of Piaget sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 yrs)
object permanence (peek a boo)
Child understands that objects exist outside of their involvement with them. Development of _____marks end of Sensorimotor Stage
object permanence
Mastery of the developmental skills required for toilet training occurs after 24 months of age. Girls usually complete training earlier than boys
potty training
very common issue
there is a lag in development
bed wetting
hereditary aspect
can be treated with alarm systems and medications
nocturnal enuresis
Alert to voice, makes vowel noises
2 months
Orients self to voice, vocalizes a response
4 months
Stops briefly for “no”, babbles consonants
6 months
Imitates sounds
9 months
Follows one-step request, uses gestures, one word utterances
12 months
Points to self, uses 10-25 words
18 months
Two-word sentences, understands “me” and “you”
2 yrs
Three-word sentences, names body parts
3 yrs
Follows a three-step request, tells stories
4 yrs
Responds to “why?”, likes rhyming words (the “why” phase)
5 yrs
Most children start walking and talking around their ______, but not starting either until 18 months is still within the normal range
first birthday
____year olds can typically use mostly full sentences, use language for both conversation and play, and can be understood most of the time by family members and others.
3
_____year olds produce full sentences most of the time with few errors or missing words. They can tell stories, carry on a conversation over several turns with an adult, use language to set up play with peers and enjoy using language to pretend.
4-5
autism
pretend play
egocentrism (child thinks everyone else thinks like them)
Piaget’s preoperational stage
Development of morality
Superego
Empathy
understanding
Understanding of death
post pre school (after 3-5)
This involves mastering the use of logic in concrete ways. The word concrete refers to that which is tangible; that which can be seen, touched, or experienced directly.
Piaget’s concrete operational
concept of conservation
Piaget’s concrete operational
Reasonable expectations set in school and at home, with praise for their accomplishments; confidence built here
school age (erickson)
latency stage (Freud)
what stage of Erikson where girls and boys split off into their own friend groups
stage 4 (school age)
early_____ deals with start of puberty
adolescence
middle _____ deals with risk taking
adolescence
late____ deals with identity
adolescence
identity vs role confusion
adolescence (12-18 yrs)
Intimacy Versus Isolation
young adulthood (18-40)
___ adds increased risk of serious mental illness
divorce
thinking about mortality
mid-life crisis
middle adulthood (45-65)
“a retrospective accounting of one’s life to date”
maturity
5 stages of death and dying
shock and denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
