TN Godarvarman case Flashcards

1
Q

What definition of forest did the Supreme Court mandate governments to follow?

A

The broad and all-encompassing definition established in the 1996 T N Godavarman case.

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2
Q

To what type of land was the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 initially applicable?

A

Initially, it was applicable only to notified forest land.

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2
Q

What was the impact of the 1996 T.N. Godavarman vs. Union of India Supreme Court judgment on the Act?

A

The Act’s applicability expanded to include recorded forest areas and areas resembling forests as per their dictionary definition.

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2
Q

Which bench of the Supreme Court issued the recent directive on forest definition?

A

A three-judge Bench led by Chief Justice of India (CJI) D Y Chandrachud.

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3
Q

What does the revised coverage of the Forest (Conservation) Act include?

A

It now covers revenue forest land, recorded forest areas, and land resembling forests according to the dictionary meaning.

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4
Q

Which subsections restrict unauthorized non-forest use of any forest land, not limited to “reserved forests.”

A

sub-sections ii, iii, and iv of Section 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

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5
Q

What does Section 2(i) of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 mandate?

A

It mandates that no reserved forest can cease to be reserved without prior central government approval.

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5
Q

What did the Supreme Court reiterate in the case of Narinder Singh & Ors vs. Divesh Bhutani & Ors (July 2022)?

A

Clause (i) specifically addresses reserved forests, while clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) pertain to all other forests, covering the dictionary definition of “forest.”

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6
Q

How do Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh define a forest?

A

As a tract of at least 10 hectares with a density of 200 trees or more per hectare.

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7
Q

What are deemed forests in the context of state definitions?

A

Lands already used for non-forestry purposes, with the necessary approvals, that often meet state criteria for being classified as “deemed forests.”

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7
Q

How does Goa define a forest?

A

As land with at least 75% coverage of forest species.

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8
Q

How does the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 redefine ‘forest’?

A

It narrows the definition to include only lands notified as ‘forest’ under the Indian Forest Act, 1927, and lands recorded as ‘forests’ in government records.

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8
Q

exemption for small forest land in the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 is up to x hectares of forest land for connectivity to habitation and establishments near roads and railways.

A

0.10

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8
Q

The petitions reflected concerns about the potential exclusion of x of India’s forests outside Recorded Forest Areas from the purview of the Forest Conservation Act (FCA).

A

28%

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9
Q

How much forest land is exempted for security-related infrastructure under the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023?

A

Up to 10 hectares for security-related infrastructure.

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9
Q

Who filed the recent challenge to the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023?

A

Ashok Kumar Sharma, IFS (Retd) & Ors v. Union of India & Ors.

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10
Q

What are the two categories of land defined under the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023?

A

Category 1: Land declared as a forest under the Indian Forest Act or any other relevant law, or notified as a forest after 25th October 1980.
Category 2: Land that was converted from forest to non-forest use before 12th December 1996.

11
Q

What percentage of India’s geographical area is covered by forest and tree cover?

A

Forest and tree cover accounts for 24.62% of India’s geographical area.

12
Q

What is the percentage of forest cover in India?

A

The total forest cover constitutes 21.71% of India’s geographical area.

13
Q

Which state has the largest forest cover by area?

A

Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover by area.

13
Q

Which states have shown a decrease in forest cover?

A

States with a decrease in forest cover include Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Meghalaya.

13
Q

Which states have shown a positive change in forest cover?

A

States with an increase in forest cover include Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Karnataka, and Jharkhand.

13
Q

Which state has the highest percentage of forest cover in relation to its geographical area?

A

Mizoram has the highest percentage of forest cover as a proportion of its geographical area.

14
Q

What is India’s global ranking for net gain in average annual forest area between 2010 and 2020, according to the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020?

A

India ranks 3rd in the world for net gain in average annual forest area between 2010 and 2020.

14
14
Which x countries hold over half of the world’s forests?
5, The Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America, and China hold over 54% of the world’s forests.
15
Which amendment transferred forests from state to the concurrent lista and as what entry
42nd, as entry 17A
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