Tissues - Week 2 Flashcards
Cells and Tissues - Week 2
What is Tissue?
Tissues are specialised groups of cells working together to perform specific functions
What are the four primary tissue types?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Neural
What is the Epithelial Tissue’s Structure?
Have an exposed (apical) surface, which faces the exterior of the body
The middle is filled with Epithelial Cells.
They are attached to the underlying tissue with a basement membrane.
How is Epithelial tissue classified by?
Epithelial tissue is classified based on the
- Cell shape
- Number of cell layers
What are the two types of layers of Epithelial tissue?
Simple Layer - refers to one single layer of epithelial cell
Stratified Layer - refers to multiple layers of epithelial cells.
What are the three types of Cell Shapes?
Squamous - Thin and flat cells
Cuboidal - Short square shaped cells
Columnar - Tall thin cells
What are Squamous Cells?
Thin and flat cells
What are Cuboidal Cells?
Short square shaped cells
What are Columnar Cells?
Tall thin cells
What is the Simple Squamous Epithelium?
A single flat layer of cells anchored to the underlying basement membrane.
Allowing Diffusion and Filtration (Exchange)
It is found at sites within the body where diffusion and filtration take place, for example, the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs and the lining of blood vessels.
Found in the lining Cavities, Blood Vessels and at the Gas Exchange surfaces in the lungs.
What is the Stratified Squamous Epithelium?
Multiple flat layers of cells, where only the bottom layer of epithelial cells is anchored to the underlying basement membrane
Protects the body against Abrasion
Found on the surface of the skin and in the mouth and oesophagus.
What is the Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
Single Layer of Cubelike cells.
Involved in Secretion or Absorption
Lining Ducts and Glands
What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?
Multiple Layers of Cubelike cells.
Protection, Secretion and Absorption
Sweat Glands, Mammary Glands and Salivary Glands
What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?
Secretion and Absorption
These cells have enough space to store produced substances waiting for secretion or absorbed substances.
What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?
Protection and Secretion
Lining large ducts such as in the pancreas or saliva glands.
What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?
Eliminates foreign particles and protection
It looks like multiple layers of cells, but every cell is actually in contact with the basement membrane.
Lines the respiratory tract
What is Transitional Epithelium?
Ability to stretch and recoil.
It is found lining the bladder. As the bladder fills with urine, the transitional epithelial cells flatten. When empty the cells return to their original shape.
What are Epithelial Specialisations?
Microvilli: Projections of the plasma membrane to increase surface area
Cilia: Found on respiratory epithelium. Longer than microvilli and contain filaments to help them move
What is Connective Tissue?
Connective tissue usually fills internal spaces and provide structural support for other tissues.
It is also able to transport materials within the body and is able to store energy.
What are the components of Connective Tissue?
Most connective tissues consist of:
- Specialised cells such as Fat Cell, Lymphocyte, Macrophage, Melanocyte and Mast Cell
- Extracellular protein fibres such as reticular, elastic, and collagen fibres, and ground substance.
What are the three different classifications of Connective Tissue?
- Connective Tissue Proper
- Fluid Connective Tissue
- Supporting Connective Tissue
What is Connective Tissue Proper?
Includes connective tissue with many types of cells and extracellular fibres in a ground substance
This type can be described as either loose or dense.
What is Loose connective tissue proper?
Has an open mesh type of structure and includes adipose tissue, which stores fat.
What is Dense connective tissue proper?
Has a more condensed structure and includes ligaments.
What is Fluid Connective Tissue?
Distinctive population of cells suspended in watery matrix.
Fluid connective tissue includes blood and lymph.
* Blood Flows within the cardiovascular system
* Lymph Flows within the lymphatic system
What is Supporting Connective Tissue?
Less diverse cell population and a matrix containing much more densely packed fibres (than Connective Tissue Proper).
Supporting connective tissues protect soft tissues and support the weight of part or all of the body
- Cartilage - solid rubbery matrix. Includes hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrous cartilage
- Bone - solid, crystalline matrix
What is Neural Tissue?
Neural tissue is specialised to carry electrical impulses, from one part of the body to another.
This tissue is specific to the nervous system.
What is Muscular Tissue?
Muscle tissue is specialised for contraction.
Muscle tissue can be skeletal, cardiac, or smooth.
What are the three Muscle Tissue cells?
- Skeletal muscle - involved in voluntary contraction and is associated with movement.
- Cardiac muscle - located in the heart and provides the contractility of the walls of the heart.
- Smooth muscle - usually incorporated into the walls of organs, and the involuntary contraction is generally associated with the organ function or regulating the organ.
