Organ Systems - Week 1 Flashcards
Organisation of the Human Body - Week 1
What is the function of our Organ Systems?
Organ systems work together to allow the body to maintain homeostasis or normal levels of function.
What are the 11 organ systems in the body?
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Cardiovascular
- Immune (and lymphatic)
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
What is the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM?
The integumentary system consists of skin and the associated skin components, i.e. hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails.
Function - Protects the body from the external environment, excretes metabolic waste, helps to make vitamin D, and detects pain, touch, dehydration, and changes in temperature.
What is the SKELETAL SYSTEM?
The skeletal system consists of the bones and the cartilage associated with joints.
Function - Protects the body, provides support and a framework for muscles to act upon, contains bone marrow for blood cells to develop in, and stores minerals such as calcium
What is the MUSCULAR SYSTEM?
The muscular system consists primarily of
- Skeletal muscle (voluntary movement)
- Cardiac muscle (heart)
- Smooth muscle (involuntary movement) found within the viscera, including the alimentary canal and the walls of blood vessels.
Function - Enables the body to move by the action of opposing muscular contraction and relaxation. It also maintains posture and plays a role in thermoregulation
What is the NERVOUS SYSTEM?
The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs, e.g. eyes, ears, and taste buds. This system is divided into
- Central nervous system, containing the brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system, containing everything else.
Function - The functionality of the nervous system can be split into three main stages:
- Detecting changes (sensory function) in the internal and external environment, encoding them into electrical impulses, and transmitting them along the nerves.
- Processing electrical impulses (integrative function) and making decisions, either consciously or unconsciously.
- Activating effectors (motor function) to induce an appropriate response to initial stimulus. This can be muscular movement or glandular secretions
What is the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?
The endocrine system consists of endocrine organs and endocrine tissue embedded within organs.
Endocrine organs include the pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroid, and adrenal glands. Endocrine tissue is also found within the hypothalamus, pancreas, thymus, gonads, heart, stomach, and small intestine.
Function - Hormones alter the metabolism of target cells. The hormone can be very specific, affecting only one cell type, or very general, affecting many cell types.
What is the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
The cardiovascular system consists of the blood, heart, and blood vessels.
Function - Pumps blood around the body through the blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove metabolic waste. Regulates the water content of body fluids, the acid-base balance, and the temperature of the body.
What are the LYMPHATIC and IMMUNE SYSTEMS?
Our lymphatic system is mostly involved in maintaining fluid balance in the body, and our immune system is responsible for protecting our body.
Function - Responsible for transporting various substances; it takes lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood, and transports protein and fluids back to the bloodstream. It is also responsible for the development of lymphocytes, the cells responsible for fighting disease
Lymph = maintain fluid balance
Immune = protect the body
What is our RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
The respiratory system consists of air passageways: the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and the lungs.
Function - Responsible for ventilation, moves fresh air containing oxygen into the body, and it’s also responsible for moving the waste gases like Carbon Dioxide through a volume/pressure relationship
What is the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?
The digestive system consists of the digestive tract: the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine, as well as organs that assist digestion: the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Function - Responsible for the breakdown of all the food that we eat.
As a result of breaking down that food in a process called digestion, we’re then able to absorb the nutrients from that food. Those are put to good use by the body to help create energy and also provide nutrients to our various tissues and organs.
What is the URINARY SYSTEM?
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Function - The urinary system filters the blood delivered to it by the cardiovascular system, and it’s responsible for then reabsorbing the necessary solutes and water, so everything the body needs is then reabsorbed after it’s been filtered, and it’s also responsible for excreting waste.
Any waste products are excreted through the urine and it plays a role in fluid balance, so it helps by regulating the blood volume, and reabsorbing the amount of water required to maintain fluid balance.
What is the REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
The female reproductive system contains the gonads (ovaries), uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia, and mammary glands.
The male reproductive system contains the gonads (testes), epididymes, ductus deferens, penis, and scrotum.
Function
Female gonads produce oocytes (the cells from which an egg develops) and also release hormones that regulate reproduction and development.
Male gonads produce sperm and release hormones that regulate reproduction and development.
Fertilization is the combination of a sperm and an oocyte, resulting in the formation of a new life.
