Mitosis - Week 2 Flashcards
Cells and Tissues - Week 2
What is the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is the sequence of events that takes place in a cell leading to its DNA replication and division to produce two daughter cells.
Cell division is essential for both body growth and tissue repair.
What are a cell cycles two phases?
- Interphase - the period from the formation of the cell until it starts dividing
- Mitotic phase - the period where cells are actively splitting the replicated DNA and organelles into two new cells.
What is the Interphase cell cycle?
Interphase is the period from the formation of the cell until it starts dividing.
Cellular organelles double in number, the DNA replicates, and protein synthesis occurs.
What are the 3 phases in Interphase?
- G1 or Gap 1 - a growth phase
- ‘S’ the synthesis phase - DNA is replicated
- G2 or Gap 2 - growth and final preparation for division occur.
What occurs during the Interphase cycle?
Cellular organelles double in number, the DNA replicates, and protein synthesis occurs.
The chromosomes are not visible and the DNA appears as uncoiled chromatin.
This is how cells look most of the time.
What is the Mitotic Phase cell cycle?
The mitotic phase is the period where cells are actively splitting the replicated DNA and organelles, into two new cells.
What are G0 or Gap zero Cells?
Cells that permanently cease dividing.
Cells that remain in this phase, include neurons, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle.
What are the 6 sub phases in the Mitotic Phase Cell Cycle?
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokenesis
“Passed My Anatomy Test Clamly”
What is the Prophase stage of the Mitotic phase?
Chromosomes become condensed, the nucleolus disappears, the centrioles move to opposite ends of the nucleus, and a mitotic spindle begins to form.
What is the Prometaphase stage of the Mitotic phase?
The nuclear envelope disappears.
What is the Metaphase stage of the Mitotic phase?
Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate, or the equator of the spindle.
What is the Anaphase stage of the Mitotic phase?
The chromosomes separate and move towards the poles of the cell.
What is the Cytokinesis stage of the Mitotic phase?
Describes the cytoplasm dividing in two, which usually occurs immediately following telophase.
Once complete there are two identical daughter cells which have originated from the original cell.
What is the Telophase stage of the Mitotic phase?
The chromosomes have reached opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear envelope begins to form around them.
The nucleoli start to reappear and the spindle breaks down.
