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Pathophysiology > Tissues Review > Flashcards

Tissues Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of tissues?

A

·Groups of cells with similar structure and function

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2
Q

Four primary types of tissues

A

·Epithelium
·Connective
·Nervous
·Muscle

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3
Q

Where are epithelial tissues found?

A

·Body coverings
·Body linings
·Glandular tissues

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4
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

·Protection
·Absorption
·Filtration
·Secretion

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5
Q

Epithelium characteristics

A

·Cells fit closely together
·Tissue layer always has one free surface
·The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane
·Avascular (no blood supply)
·Regenerates easily if well nourished

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6
Q

Number of cell layers (classification of epithelium)

A

·Simple- one layer
·Stratified- more than one layer

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7
Q

Shape of cells (classification of epithelium)

A

·Squamous- flattened
·Cuboidal- cube shaped
·Columnar- column like

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8
Q

Simple squamous

A

·Single layer of flat cells
·Usually forms membranes
·Lines body cavities
·Lines lungs and capillaries

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9
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

·Single layer of cube like cells
·Common in glands and their ducts
·Forms walls of kidney tubules
·Covers the ovaries

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10
Q

Simple columnar

A

·Single layer of tall cells
·Often includes goblet cells, which produces mucus
·Lines digestive tract

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11
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

·Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
·Often looks double layered
·Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
·May function in absorption or secretion

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12
Q

Stratified squamous

A

·Cells at the free edge are flattened
·Found as a protective covering where friction is common
·Locations: skin, mouth, esophagus

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13
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

·Two layers of cuboidal cells

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14
Q

Stratified columnar

A

·Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape

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15
Q

Stratified cuboidal/columnar

A

·Rare in human body
·Found mainly in ducts of large glands

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16
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

·Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
·Lines organs of the urinary system

17
Q

What is a gland?

A

·One or more cells that secretes a particular products
·Two major types

18
Q

Endocrine gland

A

·Ductless
·Secretions are hormones

19
Q

Exocrine gland

A

·Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
·Includes sweat and oil glands

20
Q

Connective tissue

A

·Found everywhere in the body
·Most abundant and widely distributed

21
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

·Binds body tissues together
·Supports the body
·Provides protection

22
Q

CT characteristics

A

·Variations in blood supply: some have poor blood supply/are avascular, some are well vascularized
·Extracellular matrix: non-living material that surrounds living cells

23
Q

Bone CT

A

·Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
·Hard matrix of calcium salts
·Large numbers of collagen fibers
·Protect and support the body

24
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

·Most common cartilage
·Abundant collagen fibers
·Rubbery matrix
·Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage

25
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

·Provides elasticity
·Supports the external ear and surrounds larynx (voicebox)

26
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

·Highly compressible
·Forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

27
Q

Dense CT

A

·Main matrix element is collagen fibers
·Cells are fibroblasts
·Tendon: attach muscle to bone
·Ligaments: attach bone to bone

28
Q

Areolar CT

A

·Most widely distributed CT
·Soft, pliable tissue
·Contains all fiber types
·Can soak up excess fluid

29
Q

Reticular CT

A

·Delicate network of interwoven fibers
·Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs
·Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

30
Q

Blood

A

·Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix
·Fibers are visible during clotting
·Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

31
Q

Muscle tissue

A

·Function is to produce movement
·Three types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

32
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

·Can be controlled voluntarily
·Cells attach to CT
·Cells are striated
·Cells have more than one nucleus

33
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

·Found only in the heart
·Function is to pump blood- involuntary
·Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated discs
·Cells are striated
·One nucleus per cell

34
Q

Smooth muscle

A

·Involuntary muscle
·Surrounds hollow organs
·Attached to other smooth muscle cells
·No visible striations
·One nucleus per cell

35
Q

Nervous tissue

A

·Neurons and nerve support cells
·Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body
·Irritability, conductivity

Pathophysiology (20 decks)

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