Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Adaptive defenses
-Humoral Immunity (B cells)
-Cellular Immunity (T cells)
Adaptive defense system
-Third line of defense
-Attacks particular foreign substances
-Takes longer to react than innate system
Adaptive defenses
-Specific
-Systemic
-Memory
-Two separate, overlapping arms
Specific
Recognizes and targets specific antigens
Systemic
Not restricted to initial site of infection
Has memory
Stronger attacks to “known” antigens (previously encountered pathogens)
Two separate overlapping arms
-Humoral (antibody mediated) immunity
-Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity
Goals of the adaptive immune response
-Deal with infected cells
-Destroy pathogens
-Prevent future infections
Lymphocytes
White blood cells that carry out the adaptive immune response
Antigens
-Protein markers on the outside of cells and pathogens
-Can be familiar or foreign
-Helps the immune system identify threats
-Bound and blocked by antibodies
Cast of the adaptive immune response
-Macrophage
-Helper T cell
-Cytotoxic T cell
-B cell
-Memory cell
Step 1
Macrophages from the innate immune response engulf the pathogen
The antigens from the pathogen are displayed on the macrophage
Step 2
Macrophages travel to the lymph nodes and activate the helper T cells
Step 3
Helper T cells clone themselves and release chemicals called cytokines
Cell mediated immune response (1)
-Goal: deal with infected cells and destroy pathogen
-Cells used: T cells
-Cells target virus infected cells
-Cellular immunity has cellular targets!
Humoral immune response (1)
-Goal: destroy pathogen and prevent future infection
-Cells used: B cells, memory cells
-Cells produce chemicals for defense
-Humoral immunity has extracellular targets
Cell mediated 4a
Cytokines activate cytotoxic T cells
Humoral 4b
Cytokines activate B cells
B cells begin producing antibodies that match the antigens of the pathogen
Cell mediated 5a
Cytotoxic T cells travel to the site of infection and destroy infected cells by using perforins to pop the cells membrane
Humoral 5b
The antibodies bind to the pathogen’s antigens (2 matching puzzle pieces), blocking the pathogen from infecting more host cells
Humoral 6b
Some B cells become antibody-producing memory cells, which last a long time and provide immunity from the pathogen
