Adaptive Immunity 2

Question 1

Humoral Immunity

Answer 1

-Antibody mediated immunity

-Cells produce chemicals for defense

Question 2

Cellular Immunity

Answer 2

-Cell mediated immunity

-Cells target virus infected cells

Question 3

Antigens (nonself)

Answer 3

Any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response

Often ‘presented’ to B and T cells by antigen presenting cells

Includes the phagocytes of the innate immune system

Question 4

Examples of common antigens

Answer 4

-Foreign proteins

-Microorganisms

-Allergens like pollen grains/ dust mites

-Large carbohydrates (including foreign cells)

-Some lipids

Question 5

Self antigens

Answer 5

-Human cells have many surface proteins

-Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins

-Restricts donors for transplants

Question 6

Active humoral immunity

Answer 6

-B cells encounter antigens and produce specific antibodies against them

Question 7

Two types of active humoral immunity

Answer 7

-Naturally acquired: response to bacterial or viral infection

-Artificially acquired: response to vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens

Question 8

Passive humoral immunity

Answer 8

-Readymade antibodies introduced into body

-B cells are not challenged by antigens

-Immunological memory does not occur

-Protection ends when antibodies degrade

Question 9

Two types of passive humoral immunity

Answer 9

-Naturally acquired: antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through breast milk

-Artificially acquired: injection of serum, such as gamma globulin. Protection immediate but ends when antibodies naturally degrade in body

Question 10

Antibody (Immunoglobulin) (Ig)

Answer 10

-Soluble proteins secreted by B cells (plasma cells)

-Carried in blood plasma

-Capable of binding specifically to an antigen