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HES 101 > Tissues of the body part 2 (connective tissue) > Flashcards

Tissues of the body part 2 (connective tissue) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue

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2
Q

What is connective tissue proper?

A

widely disributed in body, connects tissues and organs to one another, components of internal architecture of some organs.

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3
Q

What are the 2 main cells in connective tissue proper?

A

Fibroblasts and adipocytes

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4
Q

what are fibroblasts?

A

they are the most common cell of connective tissue and they make ECM components (protein fibers, ground substances, collagen proteins)

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5
Q

what are adipocytes

A

they are found in many different connective tissues and the cytoplasm is filled with a single large lipid inclusion.

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6
Q

What are the four types of connective proper?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue, 2. dense connective tissue (dense irregular connective tissue, dense regular connective tissue (Fibrous), dense regular connective tissue (elastic), 3.reticular tissue, 4.adipose tissue
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7
Q

describe loose connective tissue and what do the cells do and what does the ECM do?

A

found beneath the epithelium of skin, in membranes that line body cavities, within the wall of hollow organs
cells- fibroblasts(most abundant) and adipocytes. The ECM is mostly ground substance. collagen, elastic and reticular fibers.

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8
Q

Describe dense irregular connective tissues (fibrous).

A

They are disorganized collagen bundles. Found in areas of high tension: deep to skin, around organs and joints.

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9
Q

describe dense regular connective tissue ( fibrous)

A

organized collagen bundles. Tendonds and ligaments. collagen bundles arranged in parallel to allow for tension in just 1 plane of movement.

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10
Q

describe dense regular connective tissue (elastic)

A

parallel elastic fibers. Large blood vessels and some ligaments. Mostly parallel oriented elastic fibers with randomly arranged collagen fibers.

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11
Q

Describe reticular tissue. Describe the cells role and the ECM roles?

A

forms fine networks of tissue that supports small structures. they are fibroblasts and immune cells. The ECM has reticular fibers and ground substances.

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12
Q

describe adipose tissues. What is their function?

A

Their function is fat storage, insulation, shock absorbtion and protection. They are high density of fat cells (adipocytes). less fibrous and ECM. Adipocytes can increase in size to a point where fibroblasts and ECM are barely visable.

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13
Q

define cartilage (specialized connective tissue)

A

found within joints between bones, ear, nose, and segments of respitory tract

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14
Q

define bone tissue (specialized connective tissue)

A

supports the body, protects vital organs, provides attatchments for muscles that allow for movement, stores calcium, and houses bone marrow.

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15
Q

define blood(specialized connective tissue)

A

unique connective tissue with liquid ECM (plasma)

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16
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

found within joints, ears, nose and segments of respitory tract. It absorbs shock, resists tension, compression and shearing forces

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17
Q

what ECM is in cartilage and what cells are in there

A

ECM- collagen and elastic fibers, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans
cells- chondroblasts and chondrocytes

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18
Q

what are chondroblasts

A

immature cells that divide by mitosis and make most of the ECM

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19
Q

what are chondrocytes

A

mature cells, surrounded in small cavities (lacunae)

20
Q

what are the 3 classes of cartilage

A
  1. hyaline, 2. elastic, 3. fibrocartilage
21
Q

what is hyaline cartilage. What is the ECM in it?

A

forms articular cartilage (on ends of bones) links sternum to ribs, trachea, nose. ECM is mostly ground substance with small bundles of collagen

22
Q

what is elastic cartilage. What is the ECM in it?

A

Ears to help detect sound. ECM is mostly elastic cartilage

23
Q

what is fibrocartilage and what is the ECM in it?

A

High tensile strength, some elasticity. Between bones of fibrous joints. ECM is mostly bundles of collagen

24
Q

What percent of ECM in bone is organic components

A

35% and it consits of collagen fibers and ground substances

25
Q

what percent of ECM in bone is inorganic calcium phosphate crystals.

A

65% inorganic calcium phosphate which makes [bone] one of the hardests substances in the body.

26
Q

what are the 3 different cells in bone

A

osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

27
Q

what does 1.osteoblasts, 2.osteoclasts, 3w.osteocytes each do

A
  1. build bone
    2.break down bone
    3.mature cells surrounded ECM in lacunae.
28
Q

What are the cells in blood

A

Erythocytes (red blood cells)
leukocytes (white blood cells)
platelest

29
Q

what do RBC do

A

bind to and transport oxygen through the body

30
Q

what do WBC do

A

function in immunity

31
Q

what do platelets do

A

major role in blood clotting

32
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

33
Q

what does skeletal muscle do and what cells are in it

A

contraction produces body movement. Contraction is voluntary. The cells are myofibrils.

34
Q

what does cardiac muscle do and what cell is in it

A

contraction pumps the heart. contraction is involuntary. The cell is cardiac myocytes and they have one nucleus

35
Q

what is smooth muscle tissue and what cell is in it

A

slow wave contractions found in walls of many organs, blood vessels, eyes, skin, ducts of some glands. Contraction is involuntary. Flattened, non striated cells with one nucleus.

36
Q

what does nervous tissue make up

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

37
Q

what are the cells in nervous tissue

A

neurons and neuroglial cells.

38
Q

what do neurons do

A

capable of sending and receiving messages

39
Q

what are neuroglial cells

A

perform various functions; supports neuron activities.

40
Q

what is the ECM in nervous tissue

A

very unique. ground substances with unique proteoglycans not dound in other tissues. Contains very few protein fibers.

41
Q

what are membranes. what are they made of and what are some functions

A

line body surfaces cavities and organs. Made up of a thin sheet of one or more tissue types. Functions are anchor organs in place, secretion, immune defense, form barriers.

42
Q

what are the four general membrane types

A

serous membranes, synovial membranes, mucous membranes, cutaneous membranes

43
Q

what are serous membranes. What is the inner and outer lining made of

A

they line the lung, heart and abdominal cavities. Inner lining: specialized epithelial cells that produce and secret serous fluid.
Outer: loose connective tissue.

44
Q

what is synovial membrane and what is the inner, middle, and outer layer made of

A

Line the caivities of freely moveable joints. (hip, knee, elbow) No epithelial cells. Inner layer- synoviocytes that secret synovial fluid. middel- loose connective tissue, outer- dense irregular connective tissue

45
Q

what is the mucous membrane and what is it made of

A

line all walls of hollow organs that face outside of body. epithelial layer faces lumen (cavity) of the organ, contains goblet cells that secret mucous. Bottom layer of loose connective tissue.

46
Q

what is cutaneous membrane. what is the epidermis and dermis

A

The skin! epidermis- outer layer of keratinized stratified sqamous epithelium. Tough continuous protective surface.
dermis: layer of loose connective tissue beneath epidermis plus a deeper layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

HES 101 (12 decks)

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