Tissues in the human body Flashcards
The study of the microscopic structures of tissues, looking at tissues and cells underneath a microscope.
Histology
The science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that details with laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes.
Pathology
A collection of cells and extra cellular matriculates around them.
Tissues
Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs, skin surface such as the epidermis. Layers of closely adhering cells. Contain no blood vessels (avascular).
Epithelial tissue
Fat and other soft padding tissue. Found around bones and tendon.
Connective tissue
Cardiac muscles, smooth muscle, skeletal muscles.
Muscular tissue
The brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Nervous tissue
Cells that are flattened, oval shaped and scale like, nucleus is also flat. Permit diffusion, secretion, and filtration. Example Found in the lung.
Simple squamous Cells
One single row of cells.
Simple
Stacked layer of cells.
Stratified.
Cells that are box like, single nucleus round kind of squarish. Can come in one or two rows. Mainly found in glands.
Simple Cuboidal cells
Cells that look like rectangles, have a single nuclei. Single rows of the cell permit absorption and secretion with the assistance of goblet cells that produce mucus.
Simple Columnar cells
Cells that appear in various shapes but are present in a single row; goblet cells and cilia are present helps identify the cell. Example found in the respiratory tract.
Pseudostratified Columnar
Found in epithelia lignin’s of intestinal and respiratory tracts, often along side of columnar cells. All produce mucin.
Goblet cells.
Many layers of irregularly shaped cells.
Stratified Squamous Cells
Dead skin, acts like a protective layer. Found in the layer of the epidermis.
Keratinized
Inside the body needs to provide nutrients. Example found in the oral cavity.
Non keratinized
A multi layered structure with cells that change shape when stretched, looks stratified but is simple. Example found in the urinary bladder and urinary tract.
Transitional Epithelia
Connections that are in between cells, a protein:protein connection. Very difficult to pull apart. Found in the wall of the stomach to prevent acid from escaping.
Tight junctions
A protein:protein interaction that are only found in a few locations. More Elasticity to allow for stretching and reseting. Found in the Heart.
Desmosomes
Little pores, communication or signaling channels to help control.
Gab junctions
Cells that form the matrix of connective tissue.
Blast cells
Cell that maintain the connective tissue.
Cyte cell
Sells that break down the matrix by secreting enzymes.
clast cells
A loose arrangement of collage/elastin fibers and fibroblast cells. Found inner all epithelia, in between muscles, nerves and blood vessels.
Areolar tissue
A empty looking adipocyte cell. Found all over the body and are used for energy storage, insulation, cushioning.
Adipose tissue
Densely packed parallel collagen fibers and fiber blasts, few vessels tendons connect muscles to bone; ligaments attach bones to bone.
Dense regular tissue
Connect muscles to bone.
tendons
connect bone to bone
ligaments
Bundles of collagen irregularly arranged; elastic and fibroblasts present and found in the dermis of the skin,
Dense irregular
Contains no blood vessels, heals slowly, stregnth depends on fibers present, density and alignment, these surround chondrocytes.
Cartilage
Clustered cells in hyaluronic acid matrix; cells appear in pairs and supports airway and eases joint movement.
Hyaline
ITs hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers. Found in the ear and epiglottis.
Elastic
Hyaline cartilage but with more collagen; chondroitin matrix resists compression and absorbs shock found in the intervertebral disks.
Fibrocartilage
Calcified matrix (hydroxyapatite and collagen) with osteocytes. Skeletal supports, mineral storage.
Osseous Bone
A connective tissue that contains nucleated and non nucleated cells In plasma. Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Body.
Blood
Long, cylindrical cells with striations and multiple nuclei. Myocytes are cells hyaluronic acid in matrix.
Skeletal tissue
Short, branched cells with striations and intercalated disks.
Cardiac
Short, non striated cells; many functions through out body. Found in stomach, intestines, and vessels.
Smooth tissue
the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer.
Hyperplasia
The enlargement of preexisting cells good or bad, cells larger taking up more space. acquired through lifting weights.
Hypertrophy
loosing cells in size and numbers, Caused by disuse example arm or leg in a cast.
Atrophy
The pathological death of tissue, begins to turn black. Example includes gangrene and decubitus
Necrosis
A process necessary when barriers of tissue is penetrated. Cells begin to divide and migrate.
Tissue repair
When the same kind of tissue replaces destroyed tissue and original function is restored.
reneration
Connective tissue replaces destroyed tissue but the original function is lost.
fibrosis
The release of inflammatory chemicals, clotting begins to occur, dilation of blood vessels, and increase in vessel permeability.
Step 1 in tissue repair, Inflammation
Organization restores blood supply, the blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue, epithelium begins to regenerate, fibroblasts procure collagen fibers to bride the gap.
Step 2 in tissue repair, Regeneration
The scab detaches, fibrous tissue matures, epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue, results I a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue.
Step 3 in tissue repair, Fibrosis
