Tissues - Ch.4 Flashcards
What are the 4 types of tissue in the body?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscle
Epithelial Tissue
Sheets of cell that cover a body surface or cavity or make up glands
Lining Epithelium
Epithelial tissues that makes up skin and that lines cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory cavities
Glandular Epithelium
Epithelial tissues that make up glands
5 Special Characteristics of Epithelial tissues
- Polarity
- Specialized contacts
- Supported by connective tissues
- Avascular but innervated
- Regenerate
Simple Squamous
Single layer of flat cells (found in lung air sacs, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels)
Simple Cuboidal
Single Layer of cube-like cells (found in Kidney tubules, ducts of small glands, and ovary surface)
Simple Columnar
Single layer of column-like cells (found in Digestive tract, gallbladder, uterine tubes, parts of uterus)
Pseudostratified Columnar
Columnar cells of varying heights (found in ducts of large glands and the trachea)
Stratified Squamous
Multi-layered flat cells (lines esophagus, mouth, and vagina and makes up the epidermis of skin
Transitional
Cells that are varied in shape and can expand and contract (Lines uterus, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra)
Endocrine Glands
Release hormones, ductless, exocytosis directly into blood
Exocrine glands
Release sweat, oils, saliva, and bile, have ducts, Merocrine or Holocrine releases
Merocrine
Releasing of cell contents through exocytosis
Holocrine
Releasing of cell contents by the cell rupturing
What are the 4 functions of connective tissues?
- Binding/support
- Protection
- Insulation
- Transportation
Characteristics of connective tissue
Form from mesenchyme and mostly made up of a nonliving “extracellular matrix”
Mesenchyme
An embryonic tissue
Ground substance
Substance surrounding connective tissue cells which contains the fibers
Connective tissue fibers
Provide support to the tissues
3 types of connective tissue fibers
Collagen
Elastic
Reticular
Loose Connective Tissue function and 3 types
Few fibers, supports and stores
Areolar
Adipose (fat)
Reticular
3 types of Dense Connective tissues
Dense Regular
Dense Irregular
Elastic
Mainly fibers (tendons, ligaments, surrounds organs, dermis of skin)
Example of Dense Regular connective tissue
Tendons and Ligaments
Example of Dense Irregular connective tissue
Surrounds organs and dermis of skin
Cartilage
Connective tissue strong in tension and compression, aging cells can’t divide and heals slowly
Bone
Connective tissue with rocklike hardness, support + Protection, fat storage, blood cell formation
Blood
Connective tissue that transports oxygen and nutrients through the body and whose “fibers” are proteins for clotting blood
Function and locations of nervous tissues
Regulate and control body function (found in the brain, spine, and nerves)
Neurons
Nervous tissue cell that conducts and generates electricity
Supporting Cell
Supports, insulates, and protects neurons
Muscle Tissue
Well-Vascularized tissue used for movement
3 types of muscle tissue and their locations
Skeletal: Attaches to skeleton (Voluntary movement)
Cardiac: Makes up heart (involuntary movement)
Smooth: Walls of hollow organs (involuntary movement)
What are the 3 steps of tissue repair
1, Inflammation
2. Organization
3. Regeneration and Fibrosis
Give an example of a tissue that repair well and readily and one that does not
Repairs well: Epithelial, bone, areolar connective, dense irregular connective
Repairs poorly: Skeletal Muscle and cartilage
