Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

hypodermis

Answer 1

the layer just deep to the skin; not officially part of the skin, but shares some of the skin’s protective function including shock absorption and insulation

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

most superficial layer of the skin, made up of 4-5 distinct layers; Protection with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

layers of the epidermis (deep to superficial)

Answer 3

Basal Layer, Prickly Layer, Granular Layer, Clear Layer, Horny Layer

Question 4

cells of the epidermis (4 types)

Answer 4

keratinocytes, melanocytes, epidermal dendritic cells, tactile cells

Question 5

keratinocytes

Answer 5

produce keratin, a fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties

Question 6

melanocytes

Answer 6

spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin, found in the stratum basale

Question 7

epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells)

Answer 7

arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis, ingest foreign substances and are key immune system activators

Question 8

tactile (Merkel) cells

Answer 8

present in the epidermal junction, intimately associated with a sensory nerve ending and serve as sensory touch receptors

Question 9

thick skin

Answer 9

contains all five epidermal layers, found on the palm, fingertips and soles of feet

Question 10

thin skin

Answer 10

lacks the stratum lucidum layer, covers the rest of the body

Question 11

dermis

Answer 11

the second major skin region deep to the epidermis, made up of strong flexible connective tissue

Question 12

cells of the dermis

Answer 12

typical connective tissue cells; fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasional mast and white blood cells

Question 13

layers of the dermis (deep to superficial)

Answer 13

reticular layer, papillary layer

Question 14

melanin

Answer 14

polymer made of tyrosine amino acids which is produced in melanocytes and is one of the main contributors to skin color

Question 14

carotene

Answer 14

yellow to orange pigment which accumulates in the stratum corneum

Question 15

skin appendages

Answer 15

nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, hair

Question 16

sweat glands

Answer 16

distributed over the entire skin surface, except the nipples and genitalia, used to regulate temperature

Question 17

sebaceous (oil) glands

Answer 17

simple branched alveolar glands that are found all over the body expect in the palms and soles; secrete an oily substance called sebum

Question 18

hairs (pili)

Answer 18

flexible strands produces by hair follicles, constituted of largely dead, keratinized cells

Question 18

hair follicle

Answer 18

fold down from the epidermal surface into the dermis; deep end is expanded to form a hair bulb. A group of sensory receptors, the root hair plexus, wraps around each hair bulb

Question 18

hirsutism

Answer 18

excessive hairiness which may result from over production of androgens

Question 18

nail

Answer 18

scalelike modification of the epidermis that forms a protective covering on the fingers and toes

Question 19

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 19

the least malignant skin cancer and most common

Question 20

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 20

second most common skin cancer which arises from the keratinocytes of the spiny layer

Question 21

melanoma

Answer 21

cancer of the melanocytes which is highly metastatic

Question 22

ABCDE rule

Answer 22

A - Asymmetry
B - Border Irregularity
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolution

Question 23

burn

Answer 23

tissue damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals

Question 24

rule of nines

Answer 24

divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body area, plus 1% for the genital area

Question 25

first-degree burns

Answer 25

only the epidermis is damaged

Question 26

second-degree burns

Answer 26

the epidermis and upper region of the dermis is damaged

Question 27

Third Degree burns

Answer 27

The entire epidermis and dermis are damaged, requires skin grafting to heal.