Tissues, Anatomy Language, and Homeostasis (L1)

Question 1

Def. Anatomy (and Gross vs Microscopic)

Answer 1

The study of the structure and shape of the body
- Gross: studying large structures (heart, bones)
- Microscopic: study cells and tissues that can only be viewed under a microscope

Question 2

Def. Physiology

Answer 2

The study of how the body and parts of the body function

Question 3

Name the 6 levels of organization in order

Answer 3

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Question 4

Name the 4 types of tissue and their overall function

Answer 4

Connective - connect body parts
Epithelial - forms linings, coverings, and glands of the body
Muscle - contract and shorten to generate force to produce body movement
Nervous - receive and conduct electrochemical signals throughout the body

Question 5

Connective Tissue (function, structure, components, examples)

Answer 5

Function: support, protect, and bind tissues
Structure: living cells surrounded by complex extracellular matrix
Components: ground substance and fibers
Ex: tendons, ligaments

Question 6

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 6

• Covers internal and external body surfaces, forms boundaries
• Function: protection, absorption, secretion, filtration
• 2 surfaces: apical and basal
• Distinguished by # of cell layers and shape of cells
• Ex: skin, stomach lining

Question 7

Muscle Tissue (function, types)

Answer 7

Function: movement of the body or organs
Types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 8

Nervous Tissue (Function, Components)

Answer 8

Function: Control Body Functions
Components: neurons and neuroglia

• neuroglia functions: insulate, support, protect neurons

Question 9

Describe anatomical position

Answer 9

Person standing upright and looking ahead with their hands to their side and palms facing forward (thumbs away from body)

Question 10

Proximal vs. Distal

Answer 10

Proximal - towards the hip/shoulder of the body
Distal - away from the hip/shoulder of the body

Ex: thigh is proximal to the foot, the hand is distal to the wrist

Question 11

Medial vs. Lateral

Answer 11

Medial - towards the midline
Lateral - away from the midline
(midline is a vertical line from head to toe)

Ex: Arms are lateral to the torso, the torso is medial to the arms

Question 12

Superior vs Inferior

Answer 12

Superior - top
Inferior - bottom

Ex: Head is superior to the neck, the knee is inferior to the pelvis

Question 13

Anterior (ventral) vs Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 13

Anterior - front of the body
Posterior - back of the body

Ex: the knee caps are located on the anterior side of the body, shoulder blades are posterior

Question 14

Cephalic Region

Answer 14

Head

Question 15

Oral Region

Answer 15

Mouth

Question 16

Cervical Region

Answer 16

Neck

Question 17

Thoracic Region

Answer 17

Chest

Question 18

Abdominal Region

Answer 18

Stomach

Question 19

Pelvic Region

Answer 19

Lower Abdominal Area

Question 20

Pubic Region

Answer 20

Genital

Question 21

Brachial Region

Answer 21

Arm

Question 22

Carpal Region

Answer 22

Wrist

Question 23

Digital Region

Answer 23

Fingers

Question 24

Femoral Region

Answer 24

Thighs

Question 25

Pedal Region

Answer 25

Foot

Question 26

Tarsal Region

Answer 26

Ankle

Question 27

Plantar Region

Answer 27

Bottom of the foot

Question 28

Occipital Region

Answer 28

Back of the head

Question 29

Vertebral Region

Answer 29

Vertebrae

Question 30

Lumbar Region

Answer 30

Lower back

Question 31

Sacral Region

Answer 31

Base of the spine

Question 32

Describe the Body Planes and Sections

Answer 32

Median (midsagittal) - plane front to back (symmetry on either side) Frontal (coronal) - plane from side to side (good for seeing all the main organs) Transverse - horizontal plane

Question 33

Name the Body Cavities (4/5 of them)

Answer 33

Dorsal body cavities: cranial cavity and spinal cavity Ventral body cavities: thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic cavity)

Question 34

What are the 4 things organs systems must maintain/regulate?

Answer 34

Blood pressure, body temperature, nutrient and oxygen levels, and waste removal

Question 35

How do we maintain homeostasis? (3 main components)

Answer 35

- Receptor: monitors and responds to the external environment - Control Center: receives afferent signals and determines appropriate response - Effector: carries out response (muscles and glands) (stimulus, receptor, input, output, response)

Question 36

Negative Feedback

Answer 36

Results of effector response decrease the amount of response or turn it off

Question 37

Positive Feedback

Answer 37

Results of effector response increase the amount or rate of response