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Nursing > Tissues (Anatomy) > Flashcards

Tissues (Anatomy) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are tissues

A

many cells that are similar in structure and share functions

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2
Q

what are the 4 major types of tissue and what do they do

A

Epithelium – covering/lining
Connective – support/ protection
Muscle – movement (not going to spend a lot of time rn)
Nervous – control/communication(not going to spend a lot of time rn)

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3
Q

what are the two types of epithelial tissues (based on location)

A

Covering and lining epithelia–> On external and internal surfaces
-Glandular epithelia–> (glands are created by epithelial)

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4
Q

Describe the Apical surface of epithelial tissue

A

-towards the lumen
– microvilli (e.g., brush border of the intestinal lining)
– cilia (e.g., lining of trachea)
Has things coming off of it
-cells have polarity

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5
Q

describe the basal surface of epithelial tissue

A

– secrete basal lamina: Noncellular, glycoprotein, collagen
The bottom of tissue or the cell and it is always going to be attached

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6
Q

describe the continuous sheets of closely packed cells

A

tight junctions, desmosomes

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7
Q

what is epithelial tissue supported by

A

Supported by a connective tissue reticular lamina (under the basal lamina). Reticular & Basal = basement membrane

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8
Q

does epithelial tissue have blood flow and is it inervated

A

-it does not have blood flow because it is not vasculature
-it is innervated

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9
Q

explain the regeneration of epithelial tissue

A

-high rate of regeneration
-it goes through mitosis quickly (cancer can also be bc of quick mitosis )

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10
Q

where do you find squamous epithelium and what is the functions of it

A

-skin
-lungs
-mouth
-found in places where we need a gas exchange (like the lungs) or things need to pass

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11
Q

where do you find cuboidal epithelium and what is the function of it

A

-kidney
-glands
-ovaries
-synonymous with glands or filtration systems

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12
Q

where do you find columnar epithelium and what is the function of it

A

-larynx
-digestive tract

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13
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium

A

-where there is friction or constant touching like the oral cavity and our own skin

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14
Q

what is a gland

A

epithelial tissues specialized to synthesize and secrete a product

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15
Q

what is a gland classified by

A

-the site of product release (exocrine or endocrine)
-relatice number of cells forming the gland (unicellular (e.g. goblet cells, that secrete mucus)
-multicellular

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16
Q

what are exocrine glands

A

(outside or outward) - hollow organ or duct; the action of the product is local
Salivary, mucous, sweat, oil glands

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17
Q

what are endocrine glands

A

(within) blood stream; travels great distance to target
Pituitary gland, ovary, testes

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18
Q

what do membranes consist of

A

epithelial tissue and connective tissue; therefore, are simple organs

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19
Q

what are membranes and list them

A

-Membranes are simple organs
-Cutaneous Membrane
-Mucous Membranes
-Serous Membranes

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20
Q

Describe the epithelial membranes

A

-Cutaneous membrane
-skin
-Dry
-Epridermis(epilithial tissue) and dermis (connective tissue)

21
Q

Describe mucous membranes

A

Mucous membranes or “mucosae”
Line body cavities open to the exterior (e.g. GI and respiratory tracts
Wet
Epithelial sheet over lamina propria

22
Q

Describe the serous membranes, what organs are in it and what are the different types

A

-aka serosae
-basic job is to reduce friction which is why it is around things that move
-membranes (mesothelium + areolar tissue) in a closed ventral body cavity
-Pleurae (lungs)
-Pericardium(heart)
-Peritoneum(abdomen)
Parietal Serosae: line internal body walls (the part that does not touch the organ)
All of these organs move!!

-Visceral Serosae: cover internal organs (part that does touch the organs)

23
Q

what are the subdivisions of connective tissue proper

A

-loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

24
Q

what are the different kinds of connective tissue

A

-connective tissue proper
-bone tissue
-blood
-cartilage

25
Q

what are loose connective tissues

A

-areolar
-adipose
-reticular
-adipose( also referred to as specialized CT)

26
Q

what are the subclasses of bone tissue

A

-compact bone and spongy bone

27
Q

what are the subdivisions of cartilage

A

-hyaline cartilage
-elastic cartilage
-fibrocartilage

28
Q

what are the major functions of connective tissue

A
  1. Binding and support(ligaments–> connect bone to bone and tendons–> bone to muscle)
  2. Protection(think dorsal cavity
  3. Insulation (adipose) also protects because of the fat
  4. Transportation(blood)
29
Q

what are the major components of connective tissues

A

tissues vary in ratio
1. extracellular matrix: made up of ground substance
-Fibers (make up the matrix)
2. Cells

30
Q

what is the ground substance

A

-medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells
-Contains interstitial fluid and proteins
-Variable amounts of water
-Varying viscosity

31
Q

what are the fibers in connective tissues

A

-collagen (white fibers)
-eleastic
-reticular

32
Q

what is collagen

A

-a fiber that makes up the connective tissue
-white fibers under a microscope
-Strongest (tensile strength) and most abundant
-Most common

33
Q

what are elastic fibers

A

-a fiber that makes up the connective tissue
-Networks of long, thin, elastic fibers

34
Q

what are reticular fibers

A

-a fiber that makes up the connective tissue
- Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers

35
Q

what does fibrous connective tissue do

A

Fibrous connective tissue connect body parts, provide strength, flexibility and support

36
Q

describe the cells of connective tissue

A
  • Mitotically active and secretory cells = “blasts”
  • Mature cells = “ cytes ”
37
Q

what are fibroblasts

A

-in connective tissue proper actively dividing and secreting (collagen)

38
Q

what are chondroblasts and chondrocytes

A

-Chondroblasts and chondrocytes in cartilage (chondro- cartilage)

39
Q

what are osteoblasts and osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts and osteocytes in- bone (osteo- bone)

40
Q

what are adipocytes

A

fat cells

41
Q

what are the subdivisions of dense connective tissue

A

-Dense regular
-Dense irregular
-Elastic

42
Q

what are the types of specialized connective tissues

A

-Cartilage
-bone
-Adipose Tissue (connective tissue proper)
-blood
-Each provide specialized functions

43
Q

describe hyaline cartilage

A

most common, precursor to the bones. Purple bc there is collagen in it, lines the ends of the bones that have joints

44
Q

Describe elastic cartilage

A

find it in places that need to bend and come back to normal shape

45
Q

Describe fibrocartilage

A

combo between hyaline and elastic. Can absorb force and still be strong. Found between our vertebrae, knees, and pubic bone

46
Q

Describe adipose tissue

A

-Adipose tissue is highly specialized for fat storage

-Few connective tissue fibers and almost no ground substance

-Located under the skin
-Insulation and protective layer around internal organs
stores energy in form of fat

47
Q

Describe muscle tissue

A

-Highly vascular; cells contain myofilaments that allow contraction
-Responsible for most types of movement
-Muscle cells possess myofilaments (actin and myosin proteins) that are responsible for contractions
-there are 3 types

48
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

-Skeletal muscle
-Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle

Nursing (11 decks)

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