CPR Flashcards
Describe the Chian of Survival for Adults
-a metaphor for the elements of emergency cardiac care systems concept
-chain of survival for adults that has cardiac arrest outside of the hospital
-activation of emergency response–> high quality CRP–> defribulation–> advanced resuscitation–> post-cardiac arrest care–> recovery
what are the critical components of chest compressions in adults
-place the victim on a firm, flat surface such as a floor or backboard
Rate: 100-120/min
Depth: at least 2 inches (5cm)
Hand Placement: 2 hands on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)
Chest Recoil: Allow complete recoil and make sure not to lean on the chest
Minimizing interruptions: limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds
What do compressions do
-they pump the blood in the heart to the rest of the body
what does chest recoil allow and what happens when it is inefficient
-allows for blood to flow back into the heart
-if the recoil is inefficient because it reduces the blood flow back to the heart
what happens when you stop compressions
-the blood flow to the brain and the heart decreases significantly minimizing the chances for return of spontaneous circulation
-when you resume compressions it takes several compressions to increase blood flow back to he heart and the brain to increase blood flow back to the heart and brain back to the same levels present before the interruption
how do you open the airway for breaths
Step 1: Place one hand on the victim’s forehead and push with your palms to tilt the head back
Step 2: Place the fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin
Step 3: lift the jaw to bring the chin forwards
-this lists the victim’s tongue away from the back of the throat releasing a possible airway obstruction
what is a chest compression feedback device
-these can monitor CPR and provide real-time feedback for aspects such as:
-rate of compression
-depth of compression
-recoil of the chest
what is the first step of the life support algorithm for healthcare providers (adults)
verify scene safety for yourself and the victim
what is the second step of the life support algorithm for healthcare providers (adults)
-check for responsiveness
-tap the patient’s shoulder and shout ‘Are you okay?;
-get the AED or send someone to do so
what is the third step of the life support algorithm for healthcare providers (adults)
-assess for breathing and a pulse
-to minimize delay in starting CPR you may assess breathing and pulse at the same time
-this should take no more than 10 seconds
-to check for breathing scan the victim’s chest for rise and fall for no more than 10 seconds
-if the victim is not breathing or is only gasping be prepared to begin high-quality CPR
-gasping is not normal breathing and is a sign of cardiac arrest
-to perform a pulse check on an adult feel for a carotid pulse
How to do a pulse check on an unresponsive victim (adult)
-use 2 or 3 fingers to locate the pulse
-assess for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds
-feel the pulse in the groove to the side of the trachea
what are the steps to find and feel for the carotid pulse
-locate the trachea (on the side that s closet you), using 2 or 3 fingers
-slide those fingers into the groove between the trachea and the muscles at the side of the neck, where you can feel the carotid pulse
-feel for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds. if you do not feel a pulse, begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
How to use a pocket mask
Step 1:
-position yourself at the victims side
-place the pocket mask on the victims face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for correct positioning
Step 2:
-seal the mask against the face
-using your hand that is closer to the top of the victims head, place your index finger and thumb along the top edges of the mask
-place the thumb of your other hand along the bottom edge of the mask
Step 3:
-place the remaining fingers of your second hand along the bony margin of the law and lift the law
-perform a head tilt-chin lift to open the airway
Step 4:
-while you lift the jaw, press firmly and completely around the outside edge of the mase to seal the pocket make against the face
Step 5: deliver each breath over 1 second (1 breath per 1 second)
-enough to make the victims chest rise
*if there is a single rescue present you open the airway by doing the head tilt-chin lift
what is the bag mask device
-provides positive pressure ventilation
-consists of a bag attached to a face mask
-may include a 1-way valve (the type of value may vary from one device to another)
-used when patient is not breathing/ not breathing normally
-bag-mask device ay be used with or without oxygen flow
-provides about 21% oxygen from the air when it is not connected to supplement oxygen
how do you use the bag mask device
Step 1: position yourself directly above the patient’s head place the mask on the victim’s face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for the correct position
Step 2: use the E-C clamp technique
-perform a head tilt
-place the mask on the face with the narrow portion at the bridge of the nose
-use the thumb and index finger of one hand to make a C on the side of the mask, pressing the edges of the mask to the face
-use the remaining fingers to lift the angles of the jaw, open the airway and press the face to the mask
Step 3: squeeze the bag to give breaths while watching for chest rise
-deliver each breath over 1 second
-if there are 2 rescuers
Resurer 1: positioned directly above the victim, opens the airway, and positions the bag mask device
Rescue 2: positioned at the victims side squeezes the bag
Why an ED is needed
-most sudden cardiac arrests are trigged by abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias
what are the two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest. What happens if something isn’t done here
-pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) where the hearts electrical impulses suddenly become chaotic and ineffective
-blood flow to the brain stops abruptly and the victim loses consciousness
-death usually follows unless a normal heart rhythm and pulse are restored within minutes
what is an AED
-an automated external defibrillator
-a lightweight portable device that analyzes the heart rhythm to identify the presence of an arrhythmia that can be corrected by shock
-simple to operate so that healthcare providers and other people can attempt defibrillation safely
-uses voice prompts lights and on screen messages
how do you use an AED
Step 1: power on the AED if needed
follow the prompts
Step 2: choose adult pads for victims 8 years of age and older
-attached the adhesive AED pads to the victim’s bare chest
-follow the diagrams on the pads
Step 3: when the AED prompts you, clear the victim during the analysis
-be sure that no one is touching the victim
-same AEDs will tell you to push a bottom to allow the AED to begin analyzing; others will do that automatically
-the AED may take a few seconds to analyze
Step 4: if the AED advises a shock
-it will charge and then tell you again to clear the victim
-clear the victim before delivering the shock
-press the shock button
-after ay shock delivery immediately resume CPR
if not shock is needed resume CPR starting with compressions
what is important to remember when using an AED
-clear the victim during analysis and before shock delivery
AED pad placement for adults and children 8 yrs and older for anterolateral placement
-place one pad below the right collarbone
-place the other pad on the side of the left nipple with the top edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit
anteroposterior placement of the AED pads for adults and children 8 yrs and older (there are 2 ways)
-place one pad in the center of the chest (anterior) and the other pad in the center of the victim’s back (posterior)
Second way:
-place one pad on the left side of the chest, between the left side of the patients breast bone and nipple
-place the other pad on the left side of the victims back next to the spine
