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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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2
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A
  • to cover a body surface or to line a body cavity or tube
  • form glands (group of cells that secrete products)
  • protection, absorption, secretion, diffusion, filtration, excretion, sensory reception
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? (6)

A
  • tight fitting cells with no spaces
  • cells are held together by specialized junctions
  • cells exhibit polarity (apical surface is free, basal surface is attached by basement membrane to underlying tissue)
  • supported by connective tissue
  • avascular
  • high regeneration capacity
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of layers of cells in epithelial tissue?

A
  1. simple: single layer of cells

2. stratified: many layers of cells

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5
Q

What are the 3 shapes of cells in epithelial tissue?

A
  1. squamous: flat cell, disc shaped nucleus
  2. cuboidal: box-like cell, spherical nucleus
  3. columnar: rectangular cell, elongated nucleus at the base
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6
Q

Where are simple squamous cells found and what are they used for?

A
  • found where a thin cell is needed for diffusion (lungs), filtration (kidneys), a smooth frictionless surface (chambers of heart)
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7
Q

Where are stratified squamous cells found and what are they used for?

A
  • found where protection from wear and tear is needed (ex: skin, mouth, esophagus)
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8
Q

Where are simple cuboidal cells found and what are they used for?

A
  • used for absorption and secretion (ex: kidney tubules and glands)
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9
Q

Where are simple columnar cells found and what are they used for?

A
  • used for absorption and secretion (ex: digestive tract and glands)
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10
Q

Explain “Pseudostratified Columnar” cells, where they are found, and one specific feature about them

A
  • appears to be many layers but is one
  • is found in the respiratory tract for secretion
  • presence of cilia and goblet cells that form the mucociliary system
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11
Q

Explain “Transitional Epithelium” tissue and where its found

A
  • many layers become few when tissue is stretched

- found in urinary bladder wall

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of glands?

A

exocrine and endocrine

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13
Q

Define endocrine glands

A
  • ductless

- secretes products into interstitial fluid that are distributed by blood stream (ex: thyroid gland)

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14
Q

Define exocrine glands

A
  • with ducts that connect to exterior

- secrete products onto external surfaces (ex: sweat glands or goblet cells)

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15
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue? (4)

A
  • binds and supports: tendons, ligaments, bone, cartilage, adipose, areolar
  • protects: bone, cartilage, adipose
  • insulates: adipose
  • transports: blood
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16
Q

What are some characteristics of connective tissue?

A
  • vascularization varies
  • not cellular (few cells)
  • non-living extracellular space called matrix dominates and is responsible for properties
  • diverse properties (fluid, gel or solid) due to variation in composition of fibers and ground substance
  • 3 structural elements: GS, extracellular fibers, cells
17
Q

What are the2 types of connective tissue matrix secreting cells?

A
  • blast: a young cell secreting matrix

- cyte: a mature cell secreting matrix

18
Q

List and define the 3 types of extracellular fibers

A
  1. collagen: found singly or in bundles, tough, providing tensile strength
  2. reticular: single collagen fibers that are cross-linked forming a delicate net or mesh
  3. elastic: allow for stretch and recoil
19
Q

What is the function of areolar tissue?

A
  • soft padding
  • fluid transport medium that allows immune cells to move under skin
  • reservoir for water and fat
  • provides nutrient support for epithelial tissue
20
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A
  • food reserve that acts as a soft packing material
  • cushioning
  • insulating
  • vascularized
21
Q

Describe and explain dense regular tissue

A
  • handles tensions in one direction
  • consists of parallel bundles of collagen fibers
  • poorly vascularized
  • ROPE-LIKE
  • location: all tendons and ligaments
22
Q

Describe and explain dense irregular tissue

A
  • sheet-like
  • function: forms sheets that handle tensions in many directions
  • structure: collagen bundles are irregularly arranged
  • located under skin
23
Q

Describe and explain Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • firm but rubbery
  • function: shock absorption
  • gs is gel
  • avascular and lacks nerve fibers
24
Q

Describe and explain bone

A
  • rigid and hard support
  • function: resists compression
  • structure: matrix is solid composed of calcium and phosphate salts deposited on collagen fibers
25
Q

Describe and explain the blood

A
  • fluid transport medium
  • located in vessels
  • matrix is a fluid called plasma
  • no extracellular fibers
  • composition is controlled by kidneys and liver
26
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
27
Q

Describe and explain skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • function: movement (pull bones)
  • location: attached to bones
  • structure: striated multinucleate, voluntary
28
Q

Describe and explain cardiac muscle tissue

A
  • function: pumping action of heart
  • location: heart wall
  • structure: striated, uninucleate, involuntary
  • special features: intercalated discs, branching of cells
29
Q

Describe and explain smooth muscle tissue

A
  • function: squeeze walls of hollow tubes
  • structure: no striations, uninucleate, involuntary
  • location: walls of tubes
30
Q

Describe and explain nervous tissue

A
  • function: is to conduct electrical signals

- structure: consists of cell body and processes or cytoplasmic extensions

31
Q

What are the 2 cell types in nervous tissue? Define them.

A
  • neuron: conducts electrical signals

- neuroglia cell: aids and supports neuron

32
Q

What is the structure of the body wall in its correct order?

A
  1. skin
  2. superficial fascia
  3. deep fascia
  4. visceral fascia
33
Q

What is anchorage?

A

it is the result of cell connections

34
Q

What is density dependence?

A

it is due to the presence of regulatory or growth factors

Human Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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