Muscles & Muscle Tissue

Question 1

What are the functions of muscles?

Answer 1

• produce movement of skeleton (pulling on bone)
• maintain posture and body position
• stabilize joints
• generate heat
• nutrient reserve

Question 2

What is a muscle?

Answer 2

a group of fascicles that work together to cause a specific movement

Question 3

Whole muscle is surrounded by…

Answer 3

the epimysium

Question 4

What is a fascicle?

Answer 4

a bundle of muscle fibers

Question 5

Fascicles are wrapped in…

Answer 5

perimysium

Question 6

What is a muscle fiber?

Answer 6

it is a multinucleate muscle cell

Question 7

Muscle fibers are wrapped in…

Answer 7

endomysium

Question 8

What is the cell membrane called?

Answer 8

Sarcolemma

Question 9

What are the transverse tubules?

Answer 9

enfolding’s of the sarcolemma that encircle the myofibrils

Question 10

What are myofibrils?

Answer 10

bundles of myofilaments

Question 11

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 11

wraps each myofibril

Question 12

What is the cytoplasm called?

Answer 12

sarcoplasm

Question 13

What are the cisternae?

Answer 13

sac-like structures of the SER (stores calcium)

Question 14

What is a triad?

Answer 14

T tubule and cisternae junction site

Question 15

What are myofilaments made of?

Answer 15

actin and myosin

Question 16

What are glycosomes?

Answer 16

granules of glycogen

Question 17

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 17

site of oxidative respiration

Question 18

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 18

contractile unit of a muscle fibril

Question 19

What does troponin do?

Answer 19

binds calcium

Question 20

What does tropomyosin do?

Answer 20

covers actin binding sites

Question 21

Where is calcium stored?

Answer 21

The cisternae

Question 22

What are the 5 changes in the sarcomere with contraction?

Answer 22

• sarcomere shortens
• Z lines move closer together
• A bands get closer but stay the same width
• I bands get smaller
• H zone gets smaller

Question 23

Define Isotonic

Answer 23

muscle contraction results in a change in muscle length

Question 24

Define Isometric

Answer 24

tension forms but no change in muscle length

Question 25

Define muscle tone

Answer 25

partial contraction of muscles (ready state)

Question 26

Define a motor unit

Answer 26

is the group of muscle fibers controlled by one motor neuron

Question 27

Define Aerobic respiration

Answer 27

• requires oxygen
• occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria
• uses glucose or fatty acids

Question 28

Define Anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

• does not require oxygen
• occurs in cytoplasm
• uses glucose