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IPAP A&P 1 Chance > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a tissue?

A

Groups of Cells/Common

Embryonic Specialized function

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2
Q

What are the four different types of tissues?

A

Epithelial- Covering/lining of glands
Connective: Connect/support/filling spaces
Muscle- Generate forces that provide for movement
Nervous- cell to cell communication

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3
Q

Where do cell junctions typically exist?

A

Between Epithelial cells

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4
Q

Define Tight Junctions

A
  • Trans-membrane proteins that fuse outer services of plasma membranes
  • Water Tight seal
  • Contributes blood/brain barrier
  • Example: Bladder/stomach
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5
Q

Adherens Junction

A

Holds Epithelial cells

Plaque: Dense layer of linker proteins/attaches to membrane proteins cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Cadherins

A

Transmembrane proteins

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7
Q

Desmosomes

A

Have plaque, connect to intermediate filaments/common in epidermis and cardiac muscle

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8
Q

Hemidesosomes

A

Half of a Desosomes/Transmembrane Glycoproteins/ anchors an epithelial cell to the basement membrane

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9
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Connexins form channels/ channels used to transfer nutrients/cell signals, Ions pass from one cell to the next

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10
Q

General Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

A
  • Sheets, Signals, Multiple Layer
  • High Cell Division Rate
  • Avascular
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11
Q

What are the 5 functions of the epithelial tissue?

A

Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption Excretion

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12
Q

What are the Two General Types of Epithelium?

A

Covering/Lining

Glandular

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13
Q

Simple Squamous Epith.

A 
Location: Endothelium, Bowman's Capsule; kidney 
Thin segment of the loop
- Alveoli
Functions:
- Transport/Diffusion
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14
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epith

A

Locations:

  • Tubules: Kidney
  • Covering Ovary
  • Ducts

Functions:

  • Secretion
  • Transport
  • Absorption
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15
Q

Simple Columnar Epith.

A 
Locations: 
- Lining GI Tract/Uterus/oviduct
Functions: 
- Protection 
- Lubrication 
- Absorption
- Secretion
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16
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epith.

A

Locations:
- Respiratory Tract

Functions:

  • Protection
  • Secretion
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17
Q

Keratinized

A

Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein deposited/intracellulary/waterproofs and protects the skin from heat, microbes and chemicals.

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18
Q

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous

A

Locations:

  • Mouth
  • Esophogus
  • Vagina

Function:
- protection from abrasion

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19
Q

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

A

Locations:

  • Skin
  • Gingiva
  • Hard Palate

Function: Protection from

  • Abrasion
  • Desiccation
  • UV
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20
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epith.

A
  • Ducts of adult sweat glands

- Esophageal glands

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21
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Only in Apical Layer

  • Lines part of the Urethra
  • Esophogeal Glands
  • Part of Conjunctiva of the eye
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22
Q

Transitional Epith.

A

Location:

  • Urinary System
  • Permits stretching
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23
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

Exists in the glad

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24
Q

Glands

A
  • Single cell/group Cells that secrete substances into a duct/onto a surface or into the blood
  • Uni/multicellular
  • Secrete:
  • Ducts/Surface/Blood
25
Q

Define Exocrine

A
  • Secrete to surface/lumen
  • Typically are multicellular/have ducts
  • Sweat, oil, mucus, enzymes
26
Q

Define Endocrine

A
  • Secrete to extracellular space
  • Ductless
  • Diffuse into Blood Stream
  • Hormones
27
Q

Define Holocrine Secretion

A

Whole cell secreted (Sebaceous Oil Glands)

28
Q

Define Merocrine Secretion

A
  • Discharges Secretory Product

- Most Exocrine Gland

29
Q

Define Apocrine Secretion

A
  • Apical portion discharged/cell repaired

- Only in mammary glands (might be Merocrine)

30
Q

Describe the Functions of Connective Tissue

A
  • Binds, supports, strengthens body tissue
  • Projects and insulates organs
  • Compartmentalizes
  • Transports Blood
  • Stores Energy (Adipose)
  • Main source of immune responses
31
Q

What are the characteristics of Connective Tissue?

A
  • Few Cells
  • Abundent/Varied
  • Mainly extracellular matrix
  • Highly Vascular
  • Not on body surface
  • Supplied with nerves
32
Q

What is the difference in nomeclature of immature and mature cells?

A
  • Blasts: Immature
  • Cyte: Mature
    (Osteoblast, Osteoclast)
33
Q

What is the most common cell of connective tissue?

A

Fibroblast, secrete and maintain matrix

34
Q

What are some characteristics of Mast Cells?

A

Slightly pagocytic, cotains stores and releases granules

35
Q

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary Mediators?

A

Primary- stored and released upon request

Secondary- synthesized on the spot and used immediately

36
Q

Adipose Cells

A
  • Synthesizes and stores lipid
  • Filler
  • Large/Spherical
  • Signet Ring
37
Q

Describe the Matrix of Connective Tissue

A

Occupies the space between cell and fibers /provides structural support and connective tissue/Large molecules of hydrated amorphous material

38
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Comprised of water and an assortment of large molecules that are typically combination of polysaccharides and proteins

39
Q

What Polysaccharides are in ground substance?

A 
Hyaluronic acid
Chrondroitin Sulfate 
Dermatan Sulfate 
Keratan Sulfate 
Fibronectin
40
Q

Define Hyaluronic acid

A

viscous slippery substance that binds cells together, lubricates joints, helps maintain shape of eyeballs (vitreous body)

41
Q

Define Chrondroitin Sulfate

A

provides support and adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, skin and blood vessels

42
Q

Define Dermatan Sulfate

A

found in skin, tendons, blood vessels and heart valves

43
Q

Define Keratan Sulfate

A

found in bone, cartilage and the cornea of the eye

44
Q

Define Fibronectin

A

the man adhesion protein of connective tissue

45
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

Most abundant protein in body; inelastic; flexibletensile strength greater than steel; arranged in parallel bundles

46
Q

What are Elastic Fibers, there composition, and location?

A

Small branching fibers; form network within tissues; distensible; stretched up to 150%; resume original configuration when tension is released.

Composition: elastin (protein), fibrillin (glycoprotein); fibrillin surrounds the elastin

Locations: Skin, walls of blood vessels, lung tissue

47
Q

Describe Reticular fibers

A

fine bundles of collagen (type III) coated with glycoprotein; fibers are much thinner than collagen fibers and form a branching network; provide support and strength

48
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Composition: Irregular shapped, semifluid ground substance and reticular fibers

Location: Along developing bones of the embryo and under the skin

49
Q

Mucus Connective Tissue (Wharton’s Jelly)

A

Composition: Widely scattered fibroblasts, more viscous jelly-like ground substance and collagen fibers

Location: Umbilical cord of fetus/High turgor resists compression

50
Q

Loose Connective Tissues

A

Located deep to skin, deep to mesothelial lining of internal body cavities, around blood vessels, surrounds glandular parenchyma

51
Q

Areolar CT

A
  • one of most widely distributed CT in body; fibers arrange randomly throughout tissue; forms subcutaneous layer attaching skin to underlying tissues
52
Q

Adipose CT

A

generally found wherever areolar CT is located; good insulator and reduces heat loss; fat storage; major energy reserve as well as protects various organs

53
Q

Reticular CT

A

consists of fine interlacing reticular fibers (type III) and reticular cells; forms the stroma/supporting framework of liver, spleen and lymph nodes; spleen reticular fibers remove effete RBCs and lymph node reticular fibers filter lymph and remove bacteria

54
Q

Dense Regular CT

A

densely packed bundles of collagen fibers regularly arranged in parallel patterns providing tensile strength along the axis of fibers; fibroblasts in rows between fibers; found in tendons

55
Q

Dense irregular CT

A

collagen fibers are abundant and not arranged in symmetrical or parallel fashion; generally found in parts of body where pulling forces are exerted in various directions like dermis of skin, pericardium, heart valves, perichondrium, periosteum, sheath of nerves, kidney and lymph nodes

56
Q

Elastic CT

A

predominantly branching elastic fibers; fibroblasts present in spaces between fibers; has property of elasticity; form sheets or fenestrae; located in large blood vessels and lung tissue

57
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

line body cavity that opens directly to the exterior (digestive tract, respiratory tract, reproductive tracts, much of urinary tract); provide barrier that is an important component of body’s defense mechanism

58
Q

What is the most common Autoimmune disorders?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

IPAP A&P 1 Chance (6 decks)

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