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IPAP A&P 1 Chance > Test Number 4 Material > Flashcards

Test Number 4 Material Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the Neurocranum?

A 
Frontal (1)
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occiptial (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)
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2
Q

What connects the bones together?

A

Fibrous interlocking sutures

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3
Q

What are the two bounding parts of the cranial vault?

A

Calvaria (Skullcap)- made up of the frontal bone, occipital and parietal bones

Basicranium (cranial Base)- Floor of the crannium, formed by the Occipital, sphenoid, temporal, vomer, palatine, portion of the maxillae

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4
Q

What are the functions of the cranial bones?

A
  • Inner surfaces attach to membranes that stabalize positions
  • Outer surfaces: large areas for attachement
  • Facial bones: provide framework for the face and protect/support blood vessels and nerves
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5
Q

How many Cranial bones and Facial bones

A

8 Cranial, 14 Facial

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6
Q

Frontal Bone Characteristics

A

Forms forehead, creates supraorbital margin and frontal sinus

“Black Eye” Accumulation of fluid and blood in the upper eyelid

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7
Q

What are the Trigeminal Nerve Foramina

A

Superior Orbital Fissue V1
Foramen Rotundum V2
Foramen Ovale V3

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8
Q

What structure holds the pituitary gland?

A

Sella Turcica

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9
Q

What are the three parts of the Sella Turcica?

A

Tuberculum Sellae- Anterior Ridge
Hypophyseal Fossa: Central Depression
Dorsum sellae: Posterior ridge

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10
Q

What is one of the functions of the superior and middle nasal conchae? (AKA Turbinates)

A
  • Superior: Participates in sense of smell (Olfactory receptors)
  • Increase vascular surfaceL warms air
  • Causes inhaled air to swirl and impact mucus: Filters air
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11
Q

What action of the ethmoid is similar to?

A

Cyclone Air Filter

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12
Q

Describe the maxillae and mandible

A

Maxillae: Skeleton of upper jaw, fixed to cranial base

Mandible: Forms the lower jaw, articulates with cranial base and TMJ

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13
Q

What do the lacrimal bones house?

A

Lacrimal foss houses the lacrimal sac

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14
Q

What is the functon of the inferior nasal concha?

A

same as the Superior Conchae, but not involved in the sense of smell

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15
Q

What are the 7 bones that form the eye sockets?

A 
Maxillary- Many
Frontal- Friendly
Zygomatic- Zebras
Ethmoid- Enjoy
Lacrimal- Lazy
Sphenoid- Summer
Palatine- Picnics
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16
Q

What bones of the orbit form the Roof? Lateral Wall? Floor? Medial Wall?

A

Roof- Frontal/Sphenoid
Lateral Wall- Zygomatic/Spenoid
Floor- Maxilla, Zygomatic, Palatine
Medial Wall- Maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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17
Q

What structures pass through the Magnum Foramen?

A

Medulla Oblongata (its membranes) cranial nerve XI accessory, vertebral and spinal arteries

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18
Q

What structures pass through the Mandibular?

A

Inferior Alveolar nerve and blood vessels

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19
Q

What structures pass through the Mental (chin)?

A

Mental Nerve and Vessels

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20
Q

What structures pass through the Olfactory Foramen?

A

Cranial Nerve (1) Olfactory

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21
Q

Structures that pass Optic Foramen

A

Cranial Nerve (2) Optic and Ophthalmic artery

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22
Q

Structures pass the Ovale

A

Mandibular branch of the cranial nerve (5) Trigeminal

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23
Q

Structures pass through the Rotundum

A

Maxillary Branch of Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)

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24
Q

Structure of the Stylomastoid

A

Cranial Nerve 7 (Facial) and stylomastoid

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25
What are the four sutures of the skull?
Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoidal and squamous
26
Define Fontanels
Dense Connective tissue membrane-filled space between the cranial bones of fetuses and infants. Remain unossified at birth until childhood
27
What are the four major fontanels?
Anterior, Posterior, Anterolaterals, Posterolaterals
28
What are the two major functions of fontanels?
Enable fetal skull to modify its size and shape as it passes through the birth canal. Permit rapid growth of the brain during infancy
29
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Cavities in bones of the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity
30
What is the purpose of the paranasal sinus?
-Lighten the skull and are sound resonating chambers
31
What cranial bones make up the sinuses?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillae.
32
What muscles move the Mandible?
Masseter, temporalis, & pterygoids
33
What Cranial nerve provides the mandible?
Cranial Nerve V
34
What does the Lateral Pterygoid do?
Protracts mandible Depresses the mandible - Only one of four muscles of mastication to depress the mandible
35
What does the medial pterygoid do?
Elevates and protracts mandible
36
What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue and where they arise?
Genioglossus- From inside tip of mandible Styloglossus- From styloid process Palatoglossus- From hard palate Hypoglossus- from hyoid bone
37
How does indubation affect these muscles?
During Anesthesia the genioglossus relaxes and the tongue falls posteriorly, blocking the airway
38
What are the branches of the CN VII Facial Nerve?
``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal Mandibular Cervical ```
39
Occipitofrontalis
``` Origin: Occipital Belly: Occipital Bone Frontal Belly: galea aponeurotica Insertion: Occipital: Galea Aponeurotica Action: Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead Innervation: Temporal Branch ```
40
Orbicularis Oris
Origin: Muscle Fibers surrounding mouth opening Insertion: Skin at the corner of the mouth Action: closes/protrudes lips, shapes lips during speech, compresses lips against teeth Innervation: Buccal Branch
41
Zygomatic Major/Minor
Origin: Zygomatic Bone Insertion: Ma: skin at angle of mouth/obicularis oris/Minor: upper lip Action: Major: Draws angle of mouth superiorly, and laterally Minor: Raises upper lip, exposing maxillary teeth Innervation: Zygomatic and Buccal
42
Levator Labii
Origin: Zygomatic Bone Insertion: Skin at tangle of mouth and orbicularis oris Action: raises upper lip Innervation: Zygomatic Branch
43
Depressor Labi
Origin: Zygomatic Bone Insertion: Skin of lower lip Action: depresses lower lip Innervation: marginal mandibular branch
44
Depressor Anguli Oris
Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: angle of mouth Action: draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly Innervation: Marginal Mandibular branch
45
Buccinator
Origin: Insertion: orbicularis oris Action: presses against teeth/lips, keeps food with teeth and assists in mastication Innervation: Buccal Branch
46
Risorius
Origin: Insertion: Skin at the angle of the mouth Action: draws angle of mouth laterally as in gimacing Innervation: buccal Branch
47
Mentalis
Origin: Insertion: Skin of chin Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip , pulls skin as in pouting Innervation: Marginal Mandibular Branch
48
Platysama
Origin: Insertion: Mandible muscle around the nagle of the mouth and skin of lower face Action: Draws outerlip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting and depresses mandible Innervation: Cervical Branch
49
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Insertion: Circular path around orbit Action: closes and squints eye, depresses upper eyelid and elevates lower eyelid Innervation: Temporal/Zygomatic
50
Corrugator supercilii
Origin: Insertion: Action: Draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially, wrinkles forehead vertically as in frowning Innervation Temporal Branch
51
What is the SCALP Acronym?
S: Skin (composed of both epithelial and dense irregular connective tissue) C: Connective Tissue (Hypodermis) A: Aponeurosis (Epicranial Aponeurosis) L: Loose Connective Tissue ("Danger Space") P: Pericranium
52
What layers move together as one unit when wrinkling the forehead or moving the scalp?
First three
53
Tell me three characteristics of the Hyoid Bone?
- Structure: Horizontal body and paired projections with greater/lesser horns, (U Shaped) - Articulation: No articulation with bones, suspended by ligament and muscle from the skill - Attachment site for the tongue, neck and pharyngeal muscles
54
Sternocleidmastoid
Origin: Sternum/Clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: laterally flexes the neck and rotates the face in opposite directions, Flexes the cervical vertebrae/extends head
55
What nerve innervates the sternocleidomatoid and the Trapezius?
CN XI
56
What are the four suboccipital region muscles?
Rectus capitis posterior (Major/Minor) | Obliquus capitis, both inferior and superior
57
What are the four Suprahyoid muscles and there actions?
Diagastric- used to open mouth Mylohyoid- supports floor of the mouth and elevated hyoid bone during swallowing Stylohyoid & Geniohyoid- elevate during swallowing
58
What are four Infrahyoid muscles and their actions?
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid Most of the muscles depress the hyid bone and move the layrnx during swallowing and speech (Strap)
59
What artery supplies branches to the pericardium, esophogus, bronchi, diaphram, intercostal and chest muscles, Mammary Glands skin, vertebre and spinal cord>>
Thoracic Artery
60
Describe Veterbral Artery Characteristics
- Direct branches of subclavian arteries - Course through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae - unit to form the unpaired basilar artery on ventral surface of the pons
61
Describe Internal Carotid arteries
- Branches of the common carotid artery - Enter skull through carotid canals (foramina) - Contribute to circle of Willis and supplies eyeballs and parts of the brain
62
What doe the arterial circle of willis do>
- Its an anastomosis - Connect anterior and posterior blood supplies by interconnecting the branches of the basilar artery with the internal carotid arteries - Helps maintain alternate pathways and pressure if block or occulsion occurs
63
Where do the external and internal jugular arteries drain?
Into the superior vena cava
64
What is the purpose of the cervical plexus?
- Supplies skin, muscle, part of the head, neck and upper part of the shoulders - Connects cranial nerves XI and XII - Noted at C1-C5
65
What are the four cervical plexus cutaneous branches?
Lesser Occipital Nerve: Supplies the skin of the nec/scalp Great Auricular Nerve: skin over the parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle, and the area of the skin from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process Transverse Cervical Nerve: Supplies skin covering the anterior cervical region Supracavaicular Nerve: Suply the skin over the shoulder
66
What damage cause respiratory arrest?
C3-C5, innervate diaphram
67
What nerve is responsible for the muscles of facial expression?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
68
What CN move the mandible?
Trigeminal (CN V)
69
What CN Moves the Platysma muscle?
CN VII
70
What muscle move the sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius?
Acessory (XI)
71
What is the only joint that exists in the skull?
TMJ (Temoporomandibular Joint)
72
What are the four structures involved with the TMJ?
Mandibular Fossa of the Temporal Bone Articular Tubercle Articular Disc Head of the Mandible
73
What are the four muscles of the TMJ?
Temporal, Masseter, Lateral and medial pterygoid
74
What are the two posterior angles of the neck?
Occipital Triangle and Subclavian Triangle
75
What three structures are important in the Occipital Triangle?
Occipital Artery Accessory Nerve Cervical Plexus
76
What two structures are important in the Subclavian Triangle?
Subclavian Artery and Vein
77
What are the four subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
submandibular, submental, muscular, carotid
78
What noteable structures are in the submental triangle?
Mylohoid
79
What notable structures exist in the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular lymph nodes, facial artery and vein
80
What notable structures exist in the carotid triangle?
Common carotid artery, Vagus Nerve, Internal jugular vein
81
What notable structures exist in the muscular triangle?
Contains infrahyoid muscles/viscera of the neck, such as thyroid and parathyroid glands, Larynx
82
What are some examples of transient nerves?
"Just passing through" nerves, Vagus nerve and phrenic nerve
83
What are the 5 regions of the spine and how many bones exist in each?
``` Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5) Coccyx(4, fused) ```
84
How many curves of the spine are there?
4, 2 anteriorly convex, 2 anteriorly concave Cervical and Lumbar (convex) Thoracic and Sacral (Concave)
85
Define Kyphosis
Humpback- Abdormal increased thoracic Curve, result of osteoperosis
86
Define Lordosis
"sway back" abdormal increase in lumbar curvature, | causes include pregnancy and obesity
87
Define Scoliosis
(Curved back) Abdormal lateral curvature accompanied by rotation of the vertebra
88
Define the atlas and axis, vertebra prominens
Atlas supports the skull, axis permits side to side rotation of the head, Vertebral prominens are different than 3-6
89
What are the two craniovetebral joint?
Atlano-occipital joint between the atlas and occipital bone of the skull Atlantoaxial Joint between atlas and axis Both are Synovial Joints
90
Describe a "Hangman's Fracture"
Fracture to both Pedicles of Vertebra C2 Axis, caused by forcible hyperextension of the head, common in falls, motor accidents

IPAP A&P 1 Chance (6 decks)

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