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IPAP A&P 1 Chance > Organization of the Human Body/Cells > Flashcards

Organization of the Human Body/Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 Characteristics of Living Things

A

1) Cells
2) Metabolism
3) Irritability
4) Growth
5) Reproduction
6) Differentiation
7) Movement

CE, ME, IRRIGATING, &, GROWING, REPURPOSING, DIFFERENT, MONKEYS

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2
Q

Define Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes in the body

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3
Q

Define the difference between Catabolism and Anabolism

A

Catabolism: Breakdown complex chemicals to simple
Anabolism: Building of complex chemicals from simple

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4
Q

Define the difference between Intracellular Fluid and Extracellular Fluid

A

Intra: fluid within cells
Extra: fluid outside cells

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5
Q

Name the 7 ECF

A

1) Interstitial fluid
2) Plasma
3) Lymph
4) CSF (Cerebrospinal)
5) Synovial
6) Aqueous Humor
7) Vitreous Body

Enter Cliff, passing back ceremoniously Soviet, water humor in serious eye sockets.

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6
Q

What two systems are responsible for maintaining homeostasis?

A

Nervous, Endocrine, both use Negative Feedback

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7
Q

What are the three components of a the feedback system?

A

Receptor, Control, Effector

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8
Q

Define how a negative feedback system works?

A

Setting processes to reverse the original stimulus, most common

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9
Q

Define how a positive feedback system works?

A

Strengthen or reinforces a change in condition/continues until interrupted from outside mechanism

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10
Q

Define the Difference between Disease and Disorder

A

Disease: specific illness that has recognizable signs/symptoms
Disorder: abnormality of structure or function

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11
Q

Define local and systemic

A

Local: generalized to one area of the body
Systemic: Body wide

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12
Q

Define Sign/Symptoms

A

Sign: Objective changes/measurable
Symptoms: Subjective/observer

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13
Q

What cavities comprise the Dorsal Body?

A

Cranial/Vertebral

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14
Q

What cavities comprise the Ventral Body>

A

Thoraic/Abdominalpelivc (Visceral organs)

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15
Q

How many and what membranes exist in the Pleura?

A

Visceral Pleura: surface of lungs
Parietal Pleura: lines chest wall
Pleural cavity: Between the two

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16
Q

Peritoneum?

A

Visceral Peritoneum: covers abdominal viscera
Parietal Peritoneum: lines abdominal wall
Cavity: between the two no organs

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17
Q

Define: Pleurisy, Peritonitis

A

Pleurisy, inflammation of the pleurae/Peritonitis: Inflamation of the peritonea

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18
Q

Define Intraperitoneal/Retroperitoneal

A

Intra: Within the peritoneal
Retro: behind the peritoneal

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19
Q

What are the four quadrants of the abdominal pevlic regions?

A

Right Upper Quad
Right Lower Quad
Left Upper Quad
Left Lower Quad

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20
Q

RUQ Organs

A

Gallbladder, Right Lobe of Liver, Doudenum, Head of Pancreas, Small Intestine, Superior portion of the the Ascending Colin, Transverse Colin, R(Kidney), Pylorus of the Stomach

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21
Q

LUQ Organs

A

Left Lobe of Liver/Stomach/Body & Tail of Pancreas/Spleen/Transverse of Colon/Superior portion of decending colon, (L) Kidney

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22
Q

RLQ Organs

A

Vermform Appendix/Inferior of Ascending Colon

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23
Q

LLQ Organs

A

Inferior portion of Decending Colon, Small Intestine

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24
Q

Benefits of the Fluid Membrane

A

Cell Movement/Growth/ Division/Self-Sealing

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25
Q

What is the breakdown of material of the Lipid Bilayer?

A

Phospholipids (75%)
Cholesterol (20%)
Glycolipds (5%)

26
Q

What is amphipathic?

A

Both polar and non-polar

27
Q

3 Characteristics of Cholesterol in the Bilayer

A

1) Makes bilayer less fluid( stronger)
2) More fluid at low temperatures
3) weak amphipathic/fills space

28
Q

Difference between Intergral and peripheral proteins

A

Integral: extend through/well into bilayer
(transmembrane, amphipathic

Peripheral:One side of membrane/attaches to phosph heads/integral proteins

29
Q

Membrane Protein Functions

A

1) Ion Channels
2) Carriers
3) Receptors
4) Enzymes
5) Linkers
6) Cell Identity markers

30
Q

Functions of Glycocalyx

A

1) Protect from Enzymatic
2) Cell Adhesion
3) Cell recognition

31
Q

Membrane Gradiants?

A

Differences of attributes in one place v. another

32
Q

What are three types of gradients?

A

Concentration, Electrical, Electrochemical

33
Q

Name the two Passive Processes of movement through the membrane

A

Diffusion and Filtration

34
Q

Name the two Acitive Processes of material movement through the membrane

A

Active/Bulk Transport

35
Q

Name the 10 factors that affect diffusion rate and diffusion amount

A

1) Steepness of Gradient
2) Temp
3) Surface Area
4) Distance
5) Mass of Substance
6) Density of Substance
7) Size
8) Shape
9) Permeability
10) Lipid Solubility

36
Q

Define Osmotic Pressure

A

Amount of pressure require to offset the net movement of water

37
Q

How much (By percentage) does the body spend of its ATP using Primary Transport?

A

40%

38
Q

Define the difference between Symporters and Antiporters

A

Symporters: two substances in the same direction

Antiporters: two substances moved in the opposite direction

39
Q

Define Secondary Active Transport

A

A Concentration gradient established by Primary Active Transport, utlizes energy obtained by hydrolysis

40
Q

Define Bulk Transport

A

Vesicular transportation via endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis

41
Q

Define:
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Transcytosis

A

Endo: highly selective, example is phagocytosis, includes pinocytosis (cell drinking)

Exocytosis: Intracellular cesicle is moved to the plasma membrane and out of the cell

Transcytosis- uses vesicles to move substances into, across and outside the cell

42
Q

Percentage of composition of Cystol

A

75-90% Water, 10-25% solids

43
Q

Define Cytoskeleton

A

Structural Framework for the cell to determine cell shape, organize cell contents, provide movement

44
Q

Define Microfilaments

A

Thinnest, actin contractile, anchor skeleton to plasma membrane

45
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Throughout Cell, strong, provide mechanical reinforcement to stabilize the position of orgonells and Nucleus

46
Q

Microtubules

A

Largest, hollow tubes, help determine cell shape, participates in movements/cell divisions

47
Q

Nucleus

A

1) Largest
2) Contains DNA
3) Double Membrane
4) Information repository of the cell

48
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Inner/outer membrane

Rough ER

49
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

Passive movement by Diffusion, Larger brought by active transport

50
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dense pack of RNA/DNA/Protein

“Blob of Ribosomal RNA”

51
Q

Chromatin

A

Complex of DNA/Proteins, relaxed uncoiled chromosomes of interphase nucleus

52
Q

Ribosomes

A

1) Amino Acids Assembled here
2) Site of Protein Synthesis
3) Free or Attached

53
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Smooth ER: Without Ribosomes, Synthesizes:
- Phospholipids, Fats, Testosterone

Rough ER: With Ribosomes, Synthesizes:
- Secretory proteins/linear

54
Q

Golgi Complex

A

1) Composed of Cisternae
2) Synthesizes Carbohydrates
3) Packages proteins into vesicles
4) Packaging and Export Mechanism for the Cell

55
Q

Mitochondria

A

1) Power house of the cell
2) Contains own DNA
3) Contains Enzymes for Cellular Resperation and Kreb Cycle
4) 2 Membrane

56
Q

Lysosomes

A

1) From Golgi
2) Tummy of the Cell
3) Cleans (Enzymes, Acidic pH)

57
Q

Peroxisomes

A

1) From Golgi
2) Contain Oxidases
3) Breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide
4) Self-Replicating

58
Q

Proteasome

A

1) Contain Many Proteases
2) Recycles Amino Acids
3) Cuts proteins

59
Q

Centrosomes

A

1) Near Nucleus
2) Paired Perpandicular cylinders
3) Assembles microtubules

60
Q

Vacuoles

A

Membraneous sacs that can be used to store, retrieve and transfer digestive materials in the cell

61
Q

Give Examples of Inclusions

A

Non-Living Components of a Cell:

  • Glycogen
  • Lipids
  • Crystals
  • Pigments

IPAP A&P 1 Chance (6 decks)

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