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IPAP A&P 1 Chance > Organization of the Human Body/Cells > Flashcards

Organization of the Human Body/Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 Characteristics of Living Things

A

1) Cells
2) Metabolism
3) Irritability
4) Growth
5) Reproduction
6) Differentiation
7) Movement

CE, ME, IRRIGATING, &, GROWING, REPURPOSING, DIFFERENT, MONKEYS

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2
Q

Define Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes in the body

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3
Q

Define the difference between Catabolism and Anabolism

A

Catabolism: Breakdown complex chemicals to simple
Anabolism: Building of complex chemicals from simple

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4
Q

Define the difference between Intracellular Fluid and Extracellular Fluid

A

Intra: fluid within cells
Extra: fluid outside cells

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5
Q

Name the 7 ECF

A

1) Interstitial fluid
2) Plasma
3) Lymph
4) CSF (Cerebrospinal)
5) Synovial
6) Aqueous Humor
7) Vitreous Body

Enter Cliff, passing back ceremoniously Soviet, water humor in serious eye sockets.

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6
Q

What two systems are responsible for maintaining homeostasis?

A

Nervous, Endocrine, both use Negative Feedback

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7
Q

What are the three components of a the feedback system?

A

Receptor, Control, Effector

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8
Q

Define how a negative feedback system works?

A

Setting processes to reverse the original stimulus, most common

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9
Q

Define how a positive feedback system works?

A

Strengthen or reinforces a change in condition/continues until interrupted from outside mechanism

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10
Q

Define the Difference between Disease and Disorder

A

Disease: specific illness that has recognizable signs/symptoms
Disorder: abnormality of structure or function

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11
Q

Define local and systemic

A

Local: generalized to one area of the body
Systemic: Body wide

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12
Q

Define Sign/Symptoms

A

Sign: Objective changes/measurable
Symptoms: Subjective/observer

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13
Q

What cavities comprise the Dorsal Body?

A

Cranial/Vertebral

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14
Q

What cavities comprise the Ventral Body>

A

Thoraic/Abdominalpelivc (Visceral organs)

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15
Q

How many and what membranes exist in the Pleura?

A

Visceral Pleura: surface of lungs
Parietal Pleura: lines chest wall
Pleural cavity: Between the two

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16
Q

Peritoneum?

A

Visceral Peritoneum: covers abdominal viscera
Parietal Peritoneum: lines abdominal wall
Cavity: between the two no organs

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17
Q

Define: Pleurisy, Peritonitis

A

Pleurisy, inflammation of the pleurae/Peritonitis: Inflamation of the peritonea

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18
Q

Define Intraperitoneal/Retroperitoneal

A

Intra: Within the peritoneal
Retro: behind the peritoneal

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19
Q

What are the four quadrants of the abdominal pevlic regions?

A

Right Upper Quad
Right Lower Quad
Left Upper Quad
Left Lower Quad

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20
Q

RUQ Organs

A

Gallbladder, Right Lobe of Liver, Doudenum, Head of Pancreas, Small Intestine, Superior portion of the the Ascending Colin, Transverse Colin, R(Kidney), Pylorus of the Stomach

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21
Q

LUQ Organs

A

Left Lobe of Liver/Stomach/Body & Tail of Pancreas/Spleen/Transverse of Colon/Superior portion of decending colon, (L) Kidney

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22
Q

RLQ Organs

A

Vermform Appendix/Inferior of Ascending Colon

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23
Q

LLQ Organs

A

Inferior portion of Decending Colon, Small Intestine

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24
Q

Benefits of the Fluid Membrane

A

Cell Movement/Growth/ Division/Self-Sealing

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25
What is the breakdown of material of the Lipid Bilayer?
Phospholipids (75%) Cholesterol (20%) Glycolipds (5%)
26
What is amphipathic?
Both polar and non-polar
27
3 Characteristics of Cholesterol in the Bilayer
1) Makes bilayer less fluid( stronger) 2) More fluid at low temperatures 3) weak amphipathic/fills space
28
Difference between Intergral and peripheral proteins
Integral: extend through/well into bilayer (transmembrane, amphipathic Peripheral:One side of membrane/attaches to phosph heads/integral proteins
29
Membrane Protein Functions
1) Ion Channels 2) Carriers 3) Receptors 4) Enzymes 5) Linkers 6) Cell Identity markers
30
Functions of Glycocalyx
1) Protect from Enzymatic 2) Cell Adhesion 3) Cell recognition
31
Membrane Gradiants?
Differences of attributes in one place v. another
32
What are three types of gradients?
Concentration, Electrical, Electrochemical
33
Name the two Passive Processes of movement through the membrane
Diffusion and Filtration
34
Name the two Acitive Processes of material movement through the membrane
Active/Bulk Transport
35
Name the 10 factors that affect diffusion rate and diffusion amount
1) Steepness of Gradient 2) Temp 3) Surface Area 4) Distance 5) Mass of Substance 6) Density of Substance 7) Size 8) Shape 9) Permeability 10) Lipid Solubility
36
Define Osmotic Pressure
Amount of pressure require to offset the net movement of water
37
How much (By percentage) does the body spend of its ATP using Primary Transport?
40%
38
Define the difference between Symporters and Antiporters
Symporters: two substances in the same direction Antiporters: two substances moved in the opposite direction
39
Define Secondary Active Transport
A Concentration gradient established by Primary Active Transport, utlizes energy obtained by hydrolysis
40
Define Bulk Transport
Vesicular transportation via endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis
41
Define: Endocytosis Exocytosis Transcytosis
Endo: highly selective, example is phagocytosis, includes pinocytosis (cell drinking) Exocytosis: Intracellular cesicle is moved to the plasma membrane and out of the cell Transcytosis- uses vesicles to move substances into, across and outside the cell
42
Percentage of composition of Cystol
75-90% Water, 10-25% solids
43
Define Cytoskeleton
Structural Framework for the cell to determine cell shape, organize cell contents, provide movement
44
Define Microfilaments
Thinnest, actin contractile, anchor skeleton to plasma membrane
45
Intermediate Filaments
Throughout Cell, strong, provide mechanical reinforcement to stabilize the position of orgonells and Nucleus
46
Microtubules
Largest, hollow tubes, help determine cell shape, participates in movements/cell divisions
47
Nucleus
1) Largest 2) Contains DNA 3) Double Membrane 4) Information repository of the cell
48
Nuclear Envelope
Inner/outer membrane | Rough ER
49
Nuclear Pores
Passive movement by Diffusion, Larger brought by active transport
50
Nucleolus
Dense pack of RNA/DNA/Protein | "Blob of Ribosomal RNA"
51
Chromatin
Complex of DNA/Proteins, relaxed uncoiled chromosomes of interphase nucleus
52
Ribosomes
1) Amino Acids Assembled here 2) Site of Protein Synthesis 3) Free or Attached
53
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER: Without Ribosomes, Synthesizes: - Phospholipids, Fats, Testosterone Rough ER: With Ribosomes, Synthesizes: - Secretory proteins/linear
54
Golgi Complex
1) Composed of Cisternae 2) Synthesizes Carbohydrates 3) Packages proteins into vesicles 4) Packaging and Export Mechanism for the Cell
55
Mitochondria
1) Power house of the cell 2) Contains own DNA 3) Contains Enzymes for Cellular Resperation and Kreb Cycle 4) 2 Membrane
56
Lysosomes
1) From Golgi 2) Tummy of the Cell 3) Cleans (Enzymes, Acidic pH)
57
Peroxisomes
1) From Golgi 2) Contain Oxidases 3) Breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide 4) Self-Replicating
58
Proteasome
1) Contain Many Proteases 2) Recycles Amino Acids 3) Cuts proteins
59
Centrosomes
1) Near Nucleus 2) Paired Perpandicular cylinders 3) Assembles microtubules
60
Vacuoles
Membraneous sacs that can be used to store, retrieve and transfer digestive materials in the cell
61
Give Examples of Inclusions
Non-Living Components of a Cell: - Glycogen - Lipids - Crystals - Pigments

IPAP A&P 1 Chance (6 decks)

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