Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IPAP A&P 1 Chance > General Terms and Definitions for Test#3 > Flashcards

General Terms and Definitions for Test#3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones exist in the axial skeleton? Appendicular Skeleton

A

80, 126

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 bone types?

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do sutural bones lie?

A

In joints between skull bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some characteristics of Long bones?

A
  • Greater length, than width
  • Consists of Shafts and extremities
  • slightly curved for strength
  • Most compact bone is in diaphysis, spongy in epiphysis
    Examples: Femur, Tibia, humerous, Ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Short Bone Characteritics

A
  • Nearly equal in length and width
  • Mainly spongy bone except for surface
  • Example (Carpal Bones of Wrist)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Flat Bone Characteristics

A
  • Generally thin
  • two nearly parrelle plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy
  • Extensive areas for muscle attachement
    Ex. Carnial, Sternum, Ribs, scapulae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Irregular Bone characteristics

A
  • Complex shapes, varies in amount of spongy and compact bone
  • Ex. Vertebre, hip Bones, Clacaneous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sesamoid Bone Characteristics

A
  • Can develop in certain tendons that have considerable friction, tension, and physical stress
  • Protect from excessive wear and tear
  • Varies from person to person
  • Not always completely ossefied
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sutrural Bone Characteristics

A

(Wormian Bones)

  • Identified by location rather than shape
  • In between cranial bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Foramen

A

Opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meatus

A

Tubelike passageway or canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Condye

A

Large round prominance at the end of a bone, typically part of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Malleolus

A

Bony prominence, on each side of the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Facet

A

Smooth flat articular surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eminence

A

Relatively small projection or bump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trochanter

A

Very Large Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large, rounded, typically, roughened projection (usually on the shaft, perhaps the base of a bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection (found near the head of a bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parallel Arrangement of Muscles

A
  • Fascicles run parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle, terminate at either end of flat tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fusiform Arrangement

A

Similar to Parallel, muscle tapers toward tendons where diameter is less than the belly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Circular Arrangement

A

Sphincter, “squeezer”, sphincter muscles that enclose, an orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Triangular (Convergent) Arrangement

A

Gives a triangular appearance, Spread over a broad area and converge, at a thick central tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Unipennate Arrangement

A

Short in relation to total muscle length, and are arrangend on only one side of the tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bipennate Arrangement

A

Arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons which extend the entire length of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Multipennate Arrangement

A

Fasicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Explain Physiological cross section

A

Muscle force is propotional to the physiological cross-section
- Muscle velocity is proportional to muscle length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pennate Cross Section

A
  • Considerable high power over a short range of movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Parallel and Fusiform Cross Section

A

Produce greater speed over a longer range of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is Hilton’s Law?

A

Observation that innervates a joint also tends to innervation the muscles that move the joint and the skin that covers the attachments of those muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Entrapment Neuropathy

A

Physical Compression or irrational major nerve trunks and peripheral nerves, producing distant nerve pain symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are some symptoms of Entrapment Neuropathy?

A

Tingling and pain, often accompanies by reducing sensation or complete numbness, can have muscle weakness from muscle atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is Venae Comitantes>

A

Veins that accompany their homonymous artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 4 components of the upper limb?

A

Shoulder: to include the segment of the limb that overlaps the thorax back of the trunk and lower lateral neck

Arm
Forearm: elbow to wrist
Hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What comprises the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and Scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where does the collar bone (clavicle) lie?

A

Horizontally in the superior and anterior part of the thorax, superior to the first rib and articulates with the sternum and scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the most frequently broken bone in the upper limb?

A

Clavicle, breaks normally occur at the curvatures of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the two ends of the clavicle?

A

Acromial Extremity and Sternal Extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where does the scapula articulate?

A

Articulates with the clavicle and humerous, it articulates with other bones anteriorly but are held in place posteriorly only by the complex of the should and back musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where does the Acromioclavicular joint sit?

A

Lateral (acromial) end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion process of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the stabilizing ligaments of the AC Joint?

A

AC Ligament, Coracocavicular Ligaments:

  • Trapezioid Ligament
  • Conioid Ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Explain the characteristics of the Humerous

A
  • Longest and largest bone of the upper limb

- Articulates proximally with the scapula and distally at the elbow, with the radius and ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What joint is the articulating point with the scapula?

A

Glenohumeral Joint (Glenoid Cavity of the Scapula) (Shoulder Joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What muscles either insert or have their origin at the Lesser Tuberacle of the Humerous?

A

Subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What muscles either insert or have their origin at the Greater Tuberacle of the Humerous?

A

Supraspinatis, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Where is the anatomical neck of the humerous located?

A

Between the tuberacles of the head and the site of attachment of the articular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What muscle sits in the intertubercular sulcus?

A

Contains the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the surgical neck and where does it sit on the humerus?

A

Located distal to the tubercles, it is the point where the humerous is frequently broken

50
Q

Where does the deltoid tuberosity sit on the humerous?

A

In the middle shaft, site of attachment for the deltoid muscle

51
Q

What composes the medial epicondyle of the distal humerus>

A

The Larger of the two, the medial epicondyle is the termination of the medial supracondylar ridge

52
Q

What composes the lateral epicondyle of the distal protion of the humerus?

A

The anterior surface is the sharp lateral supracondylar ridge on the shaft of the bone that ends in the lateral epicondyle

53
Q

Where does the capitulium and trochlea sit?

A

Capitualum :
Near the lateral epicondyle
Trochlea: an indentation more medial in position

54
Q

What are the two anterior depressions in the bone that receive the parts of the radius and ulna when flexed?

A

Radial Fossa which lies above the capitulum

Deep coronoid dossa located above the

55
Q

Define Impact Fractures

A
  • One fragment is driven into the spongy bone of another fragment
  • Tend to be stable, can move passively with little pain
56
Q

Define Avulsion fractures

A

When a ligament or tendon attached to bone pulls away part of the bone (Greater tubercle of the humerus)
- Fixed with fixation back to the bone with screws

57
Q

Transverse Fx

A

Usually from a direct blow to the arm, deltoid often pull the fragment laterally

58
Q

Fractures at the humerus affect which nerves based on the location of the fracture?

A

Surgical Neck: Axillary nerve
Shaft: radial nerve
Distal End: Median Nerve
Medial Epicondyle: Ulnar Nerve

59
Q

What part of the ulna contains the olecranon?

A

Proximal end, which forms the promienance of the elbow

60
Q

Where is the coronoid process located?

A

Anterior projection at the proximal end

61
Q

What forms the trochlear notich?

A

The olecranon and the coronoid process

62
Q

What does the radial notch do?

A

Depression that receives the head of the radius

63
Q

Where is the ulnar tuberosity located?

A

Just inferior to the coronoid process

64
Q

Where is the styloid process located on the ulna?

A

Distal end attachment point for Ulnar Collateral ligament of the wrist

65
Q

What does the proximal end of radius articulate with?

A

The capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulnar

66
Q

Where is the constricted neck located?

A

Just inferior to the head

67
Q

What attachment point on the radius serves as an attachment point for the tendons of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Radial Tuberosity

68
Q

What process on the lateral side and can be felt proximal to the thumb? What attached?

A

Styloid process for the brachioradialis muscle and the radial collateral ligament to the wrist

69
Q

What is the interosseous membrane? What is its purpose?

A

Broad flat, fibrous connective tissue that joins the shafts of the radius and ulna/ also attachment site for some tendons of the deep and skeletal muscles of the forearm

70
Q

What is the radioulnar articulations?

A

head of the radius with the ulna’s radial notch

71
Q

What serves as a trochlea pully for the tendon

A

Dorsal tubercule of the radius, AKA Lister’s Tubercle

72
Q

How many bones make up the hand?

A

8 carpal bones
5 Metacarpal bones
14 Phalanges

73
Q

What bones are in the proximal row (lateral to medial) of carpal bones?>

A

Scaphoid- Boat shaped
Lunate- Moon Shaped
Triquetrum- 3 corners
Pisiform- pea shaped

74
Q

What bones are in the distal row of carpal bones?

A

Trapezium-
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

75
Q

What are the “Knuckle” joints called?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints

76
Q

What is site where the limb joins the trunk?

A

Axilla

77
Q

What vein is most commonly used for normal veniupuncture?

A

Bracheocephalic Vein

78
Q

Name the arterial supply from the aorta to the wrist

A

Aorta, Vertebral, Subclavian, Axillary, Brachial, Radial/Ulnar

79
Q

What muscles make up the thoracoappendicular section?

A

Anteriorly:

  • Pectoralis Major
  • Pectroalis Minor
  • Serratus Anterior
  • Subclavis

Posteriorly:
- Latissimus Dorsi

80
Q

Describe a winged scapula

A

Its a long thoracic nerve injury which paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle
- Arm cannot be abducted beyond the horizontal position

81
Q

What are the components of the superficial back muscles?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • LEvator Scapulae
  • Rhomboids (Major and Minor)
82
Q

What muscles form the traingle of asculation?

A

Superior Horizontal Border of the Latissimus Dorsi

  • Medial Border of the Scapula
  • interolateral border of the trapezius
83
Q

What 4 joints are associated with the glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenohumeral, Acromioclavicular, Sternoclavicular, and Scapulothoracic

84
Q

How much of the humeral head articulates with the glenoid cavity?

A

About 1/3, held in place by tonus of the rotator cuff

85
Q

What are the muscles of the scapulohumeral section?

A

Deltoid, Supraspinatis, Infraspinatus, Teres Major, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

86
Q

What are the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor

87
Q

What muscle does not rotate the humerous of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus

88
Q

What structure separates the coracoacromial ligament and supraspinatus?

A

Subacromial Bursa

89
Q

Define the axilla

A

The pyramidal space inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superior to the axillary fascia

90
Q

What are the four parts of the axilla?

A

Apex- Lies between the first rib, clavicle, and superior edge of scapularis

Base-formed by the concave skin, subcutaneous tissue,

Anterior Wall: Formed by the pectoralis Major/minor

Lateral Wall- Narrow bony wall formed by the intertubercular groove of the humerous

91
Q

What are the three divisions of the axillary artery?

A

1) Superior Thoracic artery
2) Thoracoacromial Artery
3) Lateral Thoracic Artery

92
Q

What nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Axillary Nerve

93
Q

Name the 4 Quadrangular Space borders

A

Superiorly: Inferior Border of the Teres Minor
Inferiorly: Superior Border of teres Minor
Medially: Long head of triceps
Laterally: Surgical neck of the humerous

94
Q

What three items can be accessed through the quadrangular space?

A
  • Axillary Nerve
  • Posterior Circumflex Humeral artery
  • Posterior circumflex humeral vein’
95
Q

What muscles sit in the Anterior Compartment?

A

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

96
Q

What muscles sit in the Posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps Brachii, Anconeus

97
Q

What nerve intervate the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

98
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Radial Nerve

99
Q

What are the arteries of the upper limb and their branches?

A

Brachial Artery,

Branches to Profunda Brachii, and Ulnar Collaterals

100
Q

What are the main superficial and deep veins of the upper limb?

A

Superficial: Cephalic and Basilic connected through medial cubital vein
Deep: Brachial Veins

101
Q

What is radial nerve dysfunction?

A

Form of peripheral neuropathy occuring when there is damage to the radial nerve resulting in a problem with movement or sensation of the back of the arm, forearm, or hand.

102
Q

What is sublixation of the radial head?

A

Incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ, radial head sublixation occurs in 2-3 yrs of age

103
Q

What structure is affected by Golfers and Tennis Elbow?

A

Golfers: Medial Epicondyle
Tennis: Lateral Epicondylitis

104
Q

Describe the characteristics of the interosseous membrane?

A

Thin, strong fibrous membrane, that joins the radius and ulna of the forearm/ attachement site for some deep forearm muscles

105
Q

What muscles are part of the superficial anterior (Flexor) compartment?

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum superficialis

106
Q

What muscles are part of the Deep Anterior (Flexor) compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

107
Q

Explain Trigger Finger

A

Disorder characterized by snapping, locking causing pain and dysfunction

Cause; Disparity in size between flexor and retinacular pully system

108
Q

What muscle sit in the superior posterior (extensor) compartment?

A

Lateral to medial:

  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  • Extensor Digitorum
  • Extensor Digiti minimi
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
109
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior (extensor) compartment?

A
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor Indicis
110
Q

What are the muscle pronators?

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Pronator Quadratus
  • Brachioradialis
111
Q

What are the supinator muscles?

A
  • Supinator muscle
  • Biceps Brachii
  • Brachioradialis
112
Q

What are the arteries of the forearm?

A

Brachial artery ends in the inferior part pf the cubital fossa where it divides into the ulnar artery/radial artery

113
Q

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Results from any lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel

  • Fluid retention
  • Infection
  • Excessive Exercise of the fingers
114
Q

What is the most sensitive nerve of the carpal tunnel structure?

A

Median Nerve

115
Q

What is Tinel’s Sign?

A
  • A way to detect irrated nerves

- Done through percussion to elicit a sensation of paraesthesia

116
Q

What are the 5 intrisic muslces of the hand?

A

Thenar, Hypothenar, Adductor, Lumbrical, Interosseus

117
Q

What are the three muscles of the Thenar Compartment?What do they do?

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis

Move the thumb

118
Q

What are the muscles of the Hypothenar Compartment? What does it move?

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

Little Finger

119
Q

What muscles sit in the interosseous area?

A

Four Dorsal Interosseous muscles

Three Palmar interosseous muscles

120
Q

What muscles form the anatomical snuff box?

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus

IPAP A&P 1 Chance (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions