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HLTH108 Course > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of mature connective tissues?

A

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone tissue, liquid connective tissue

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of embryonic connective tissues?

A

Mesenchyme, mucous connective tissue

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of Loose connective tissues?

A

Areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissues?

A

Dense regular connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, elastic connective tissue

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of liquid connective tissues?

A

Blood and lymph

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8
Q

What are the shape classifications of epithelial tissues?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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9
Q

What are the layer classifications of epithelial tissues?

A

Simple, stratified and pseudostratified

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10
Q

What are the main five types of cell junctions? (5)

A

Tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes and gap junctions

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11
Q

What is the structure of tight junctions?

A

Consist of weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes

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12
Q

What are examples of tight junctions?

A

Stomach lining, intestines and urinary bladder.

Inhibit the passage of substances between cells, prevent contents from leaking

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13
Q

What are adherens junctions?

A

Have plaque, a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane protein and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton. Cadherins join the cell. Cadherin inserts into plaque, partially crosses intercellular space.

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14
Q

What are cadherins?

A

Transmembrane glycoproteins that help join within adherens junctions and desmosomes

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15
Q

What is the structure of desmosomes?

A

Have plaque, transmembrane glycoproteins (cadherins) that extend into the intercellular space and attach cells to one another. Plaque attaches to elements of cytoskeleton - intermediate filaments

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16
Q

Where are desmosomes?

A

Common among epidermis and among cardiac muscles.

Prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension and cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart during contraction.

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17
Q

What is the structure of hemidesmosomes?

A

Transmembrane proteins are integrins. Inside of plasma membrane, integrins attach to intermediate filaments made of keratin. Outside = integrins attach to protein laminin.

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18
Q

What is the structure of gap junctions?

A

Membrane proteins called connexions form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexions connecting cells. Separated by a narrow intercellular gap, for tissue communication

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19
Q

Where are gap junctions?

A

In developing embryos, nervous system, contraction of muscle in heart, gastrointestinal tract and uterus.
Allow nerve/muscle impulses to spread rapidly among cells.

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20
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Helps process of filtration (like kidneys), diffusion (oxygen into blood vessels of lungs) and secretion (serous membranes)

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21
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium?

A 
Endothelium = cardiovascular and lymphatic linings
Mesothelium = epithelial layer of serous membranes, like peritoneum, pleura, pericardium
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22
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Secretion and absorption

23
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Covers surface of ovary, lines anterior surface of capsule of the lens (eye), lines kidney tubules, smaller ducts of many glands, makes secretory portion of some glands such as thyroid

24
Q

What is the function of non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A

Secretion and absorption

25
Q

Where is non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A

Lining of gastrointestinal tract, ducts of many glands, gallbladder

26
Q

What is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A

Cilia beat to move mucus and foreign particles upwards (and out of the throat) Also help move oocytes to be expelled into uterus from fallopian tubes

27
Q

Where is ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A

Lines some bronchioles of respiratory ytact, uterine tubes (fallopian), uterus, paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord

28
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Secretes mucus that traps foreign particles
Ciliated - sweeps away the mucus
Non-ciliated - functions in absorption / protection

29
Q

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

Lines airways of most upper respiratory tract

30
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium? (Non-ciliated)

A

Lines larger ducts of many glands, epididymis, and part of male urethra

31
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Protection against abrasion, water loss, UV radiation and foreign invasion.

32
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium? (Keratinized / Non-keratinized)

A

Keratinized - superficial layers of skin

Non-keratinized - wet surfaces like lining of mouth, esophagus, part of epiglottis, part of pharynx, vagina and tongue

33
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Protection and limited secretion and absorption

34
Q

Where is the stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Ducts of adult sweat glands, esophageal glands, male urethra

35
Q

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Protection and secretion

36
Q

Where is stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Part of urethra, large excretory ducts of some glands, such as esophageal glands, small areas in anal mucous membrane, and part of conjunctiva

37
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

Allows urinary organs to stretch to hold a variable amount of fluid, also protective lining

38
Q

Where is transitional epithelium?

A

Lines urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra

39
Q

What are the 2 types of glandular epithelium?

A

Endocrine glands and Exocrine glands

40
Q

What is the function of endocrine glands?

A

Hormones regulate many metabolic and physiological activities to maintain homeostasis

41
Q

What is the function of exocrine glands?

A

Produce substances (like sweat - to lower body temperature), oil, earwax, saliva, or digestive enzymes

42
Q

What happens to secretions of endocrine glands?

A

Don’t use a duct, diffuse directly into bloodstream, called hormones

43
Q

Example of endocrine glands include:

A

The pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands

44
Q

Simple types of (multicellular) exocrine glands include:

A

Simple tubular, simple branched tubular, simple coiled tubular, simple acinar, simple branched acinar

45
Q

What is the difference between tubular and acinar glands?

A

Tubular secretory part is straight, acinar secretory part is rounded

46
Q

Compound types of (multicellular) glands include:

A

Compound tubular, compound acinar, compound tubuloacinar

47
Q

Where are exocrine glands found?

A

Sweat, oil, and earwax glands of the skin, digestive glands (salivary), pancreas

48
Q

What is the function of connective tissues?

A

Binds, supports and strengthens other body tissues, protects & insulates organs, compartmentalizes structures, can be a transport system (ie. blood), main source of immune responses

49
Q

What are the types of connective tissue cells? (6)

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes, white blood cells

50
Q

What are the types of fibres embedded in extracellular matrix? (3)

A

Collagen, elastic and reticular fibres

51
Q

What are the properties of collagen fibres?

A

Very strong, resists pulling forces, allows some tissue flexibility

52
Q

What are the properties of elastic fibres?

A

Branch together to form a fibrous network, elastin + fibrillin add strength and stability; allow elasticity

53
Q

What are the properties of reticular fibres?

A

provides support and strength

HLTH108 Course (10 decks)

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