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HLTH108 Course > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of structure and the relationships among structures

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

Deals with the functioning of organisms and their parts / and how they work

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3
Q

List a few branches of anatomy

A

Embryology; developmental biology; cell biology; histology; sectional anatomy; gross anatomy; systemic anatomy; regional anatomy; surface anatomy; imaging anatomy; pathological anatomy

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4
Q

What is embryology?

A

Study of (in humans) the first eight weeks of development after fertilisation of the egg

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5
Q

What is developmental biology?

A

The study of the complete developmental history of an individual from fertilisation to death

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6
Q

What is cell biology?

A

study of cellular structure and function

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7
Q

What is histology?

A

study of microscopic structure of tissues

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8
Q

What is sectional anatomy?

A

study of internal structure and relationships of the body through the use of sections

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9
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

study of structures that can be examined without using a microscope

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10
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

study of structure specific systems of the body (such as nervous)

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11
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

study of specific regions of the body such as the head or chest

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12
Q

What is surface anatomy?

A

study of surface markings of the body to understand the relationships of deep or internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

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13
Q

What is imaging anatomy?

A

study of body structures that can be visualized with x-rays, CT scans, MRI and so on

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14
Q

What is pathological anatomy?

A

study of structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease

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15
Q

What are the levels of organization ? (6)

A

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

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16
Q

What are the 11 systems of the human body?

A

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, lymphatic system and immunity, nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system & reproductive system

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17
Q

What are components of the integumentary system?

A

skin, structures like hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands, the subcutaneous layer

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18
Q

What are functions of the integumentary system?

A

to protect the body; help regulate body temperature; eliminate some wastes; help make vitamin D; detect sensations (touch, pain, warmth, cold); stores fat and provides insulation

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19
Q

What are components of the skeletal system?

A

bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages

20
Q

What are functions of the skeletal system?

A

support and protect the body; provide a surface area for muscle attachments; aid body movements; house cells that produce blood cells; store minerals and lipids

21
Q

What are components of the muscular system?

A

specifically skeletal muscle tissue - muscle usually attached to bones

22
Q

What are functions of the muscular system?

A

participates in bringing about body movements; producing heat

23
Q

What are components of the cardiovascular system?

A

blood, heart, and blood vessels

24
Q

What are functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels

25
Q

What are components of the lymphatic system and immunity?

A

Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, and others)

26
Q

What are functions of the lymphatic system and immunity?

A

Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

27
Q

What are components of the nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears

28
Q

What are functions of the nervous system?

A

generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

29
Q

What are components of the endocrine system?

A

hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs

30
Q

What are functions of the endocrine system?

A

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ

31
Q

What are components of the respiratory system?

A

lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe) and bronchial tubes within the lungs

32
Q

What are functions of the respiratory system?

A

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

33
Q

What are components of the digestive system?

A

organs of gastrointestinal tract - a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

34
Q

What are functions of the digestive system?

A

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

35
Q

What are components of the urinary system?

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

36
Q

What are functions of the urinary system?

A

produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells

37
Q

What are components of the reproductive system?

A

Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (such as uterine or fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina in females and epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus deferenses, and penis in males)

38
Q

What are functions of the reproductive system?

A

Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk

39
Q

What are some examples of life processes?

A

metabolism; responsiveness; movement; growth; differentiation; reproduction

40
Q

What is a membrane?

A

A thin pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures.

41
Q

What is the pleura?

A

A serous membrane associated with the lungs.

42
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Serous membrane of the heart

43
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

44
Q

What is a disorder?

A

Any abnormality of structure and /or function.

45
Q

What is a disease?

A

Disease is a specific term for an illness characterized by symptoms + signs in which body structures / functions are altered

46
Q

What are the body cavities?

A

Cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity (pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, mediastinum), abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity)

HLTH108 Course (10 decks)

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