Tissues Flashcards
What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?
- Covering/lining epithelium = covering of skin, lining of organs ducts + blood vessels
- Glandular epithelium = secreting portion of endocrine and exocrine glands
Epithelial tissue structure
- cells arranged in sheets
- cells closely packed
- no direct blood supply, does have nerve supply
- high rate of cell division
Epithelial tissue function (4)
- selective transport in and out of blood vessels
- secretion
- absorption
- boundary/protection
Epithelial tissue layers (3)
- simple = single layer
- stratified = 2 or more
- pseudostratified = looks like more than 1 but is actually all connected to basal layer
Epithelial tissue cell shapes (4)
- squamous = flat and tile
- cuboidal = cube and hexagon
- columnar = rectangle, taller than wide
- transitional = shape changing, starts as cuboidal, becomes squamous as it stretches.
Epithelial cell add ons (2)
- Cilia = moveable long hairs, function to move things
- Microvilli = non moveable short hairs, function to increase surface area
Connective tissue structure
cells in an extracellular matrix made up of fibers and ground substance
Connective tissue functions
support, energy storage and protection/strength
Connective tissue structure types (2)
- loose = areolar, adipose and reticular
- dense = regular, irregular and elastic
Areolar connective tissue
Made up of fibers (elastic, collagen and reticular) with other cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma, adipocytes, mast and white blood) in ground substance.
Functions as strength, elasticity and support. Found in and around every structure.
Adipose connective tissue
Made up of adipocytes filled with fat.
Functions as energy storage, heat preservation and organ protection.
Located near areolar tissue.
Reticular connective tissue
Made up of reticular fibers and reticular cells (type of fibroblast which makes reticular fibers). functions as organ stroma (structure).
Dense regular connective tissue
collagen fibers and rows of fibroblasts arranged regularly.
Functions as strong tissue in one direction.
Located in tendons and ligaments.
Dense irregular connective tissue
Irregularly arranged collagen fibers and few fibroblasts.
Functions as strong tensile strength in multiple directions.
Found in sheets around muscles.
Cell types of connective tissues (6)
- Fibroblasts = secrete fibers and ground substance.
- Macrophages = engulf bacteria and debris.
- Plasma = immune response.
- Mast = Immune/inflammatory.
- Adipocytes = Store triglycerides (fat).
- Leukocytes (white blood cells) = Response.
Fiber types of connective tissue (3)
- collagen = tensile strength.
- Reticular = tensile strength in multiple directions.
- Elastic = strength and return to original state.
Cartlidge structure
Chondrocytes in spaces called lacunae surrounded by extracellular matrix.
Cartlidge function
Structure and elasticity.
Cartlidge types (3)
- Hyaline
- Fibrous
- Elastic
Hyaline cartilage
Structured as many fine collagen fibers and chondrocytes surrounded by pericardium (dense irregular connective tissue).
Functions as flexibility, support and friction reduction.
Found as a covering in ends of long bones.
Fibrous cartilage
Structured as chondrocytes among thick bundles of collagen fibers with no perichondrium.
Functions to support and join structures with strength.
Found in intervertebral discs.
Elastic cartilage
Structured as chondrocytes threaded with elastic fibers, perichondrium present.
Functions as strength and elasticity, allows structures to return to original state.
Found in external ear.
Cartilage cell
Chondrocytes = mature cartilage cells.
Cartilage fibers (2)
Collagen = tensile strength.
Elastic = strength and ability to return to original state.
Muscular tissue types (3)
- Smooth
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
Smooth muscle
Functions as motion.
Structured as fibers arranged irregularly - non striated.
Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped, thickest in the middle and tapering at ends.
Found in airway lining.
Skeletal muscle
Functions as motion, heat production and protection.
Structured as a regular striated arrangement.
Skeletal muscle cells long cylindrical shaped.
Found as tendons attached to bones.
