Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P I > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two different types of epithelium?

A

Covering/lining and glandular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the basal lamina composed of?

A

Glycoproteins secreted by epithelia cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of the basal lamina?

A

It acts as a selective filter for molecules entering the epithelium from the connective tissue and acts as a scaffolding for migrating epithelial cells during wound repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two components of the basement membrane and where do they originate?

A

The basal lamina originating from the epithelial cells and the reticular lamina originating from the connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the reticular lamina composed of?

A

A fine network of collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What keeps epithelium as continuous sheets of cells?

A

Tight junctions and desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where would you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

The ducts and secretory portions of small glands, kidney tubules, ovary surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where would you find simple squamous epithelium?

A

Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart, serosae, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main functions of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Passage of materials in areas of low abrasion and high diffusion, secretes lubricating substances in the serosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What epithelial tissue type would you find in the endothelium and mesothelium?

A

Simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two epithelial tissue types share the chief functions of secretion and absorption?

A

Simple columnar and simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where would you find simple columnar epithelium in the body?

A

Lining the digestive tract from stomach to rectum, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands, small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where would you find pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Lining the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract (ciliated), and in sperm-carrying ducts and the ducts of large glands (nonciliated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where would you find non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Forming the linings of the mouth, esophagus, and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where would you find keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Epidermis of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What two modifications of the digestive tract epithelium make it ideal for secretion and absorption?

A

Microvilli, goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Besides the digestive tract, where can goblet cells commonly be found?

A

Within ciliated pseudostratified epithelia of the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What epithelial tissue type is found in the pharynx, male urethra, the lining of some glandular ducts, and occurs at transition areas between two other types of epithelia?

A

Stratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which layer of stratified columnar tissue is actually columnar?

A

The apical layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mammary, salivary, and sweat glands and enhances their durability and structure?

A

Stratified cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many layers does stratified cuboidal epithelia typically have?

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a gland?

A

Epithelia that consists of one or more cells that make and secrete an aqueous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does an endocrine gland secrete its product?

A

Into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does an exocrine gland excrete its product?

A

Into a body cavity or onto the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a type of unicellular gland?

A

Goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What types of products do endocrine glands typically secrete?

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which type of gland has ducts?

A

Exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where would you find individual hormone-producing cells (unicellular endocrine glands)? What is another name for them?

A

In the digestive tract and brain; the diffuse endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What two organs are also exocrine glands?

A

Liver and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do all unicellular exocrine glands produce? What is it made of?

A

Mucin, a complex glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the two basic parts of multicellular exocrine glands?

A

An epithelium-lined duct and a secretory unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a merocrine gland? What are some examples?

A

A gland whose cells secrete products by exocytosis and are not altered by secretion in any way; pancreas, most sweat glands, salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a holocrine gland? What is the only true example?

A

A gland that accumulates products within it until it ruptures; sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is an apocrine gland?

A

A gland that accumulates products just beneath its apical surface, then releases secretory granules and a small amount of cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the five major functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. Binding and support, 2. Protection, 3. Insulation, 4. Energy storage, 5. Transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the two subclasses of the connective tissue proper?

A

Loose and dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which class of connective tissue contains all three fiber types?

A

Connective tissue proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which of the five major functions is the connective tissue proper responsible for?

A

Binding/support, protection, insulation, and energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What kind of cells would you find in the connective tissue proper?

A

Fibroblasts, fibrocytes, defense cells, and adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which of the five major functions is cartilage responsible for?

A

Binding/support, protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What kinds of fibers can be found in cartilage?

A

Mostly collagen, some elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What class of connective tissue resists compression and functions to cushion and support body structures?

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What class of connective tissue resists both compression and tension, functions in support, and provides protection and energy storage?

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What type of fiber is found in osseous tissue?

A

Collagen

46
Q

What component of connective tissue is instrumental in allowing it to bear weight, withstand great tension, and endure trauma?

A

The extracellular matrix

47
Q

What are components of ground substance?

A

Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans

48
Q

What ground substance component is responsible for the substance’s viscosity?

A

Glycosaminoglycans of the proteoglycans; chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid

49
Q

What ground substance component serves mainly to allow cells to attach to the extracellular matrix?

A

Cell adhesion proteins

50
Q

What ground substance component consists of large amounts of fluid through which nutrients and other dissolved substances can diffuse between cells and capillaries?

A

Interstitial fluid

51
Q

What type of fiber provides high tensile strength due to cross-linking?

A

Collagen

52
Q

What type of fiber allows stretching and recoiling and is found where great flexibility is needed?

A

Elastic

53
Q

What type of fiber branches extensively, surrounds blood vessels and soft tissue organs, and is abundant in basement membranes?

A

Reticular

54
Q

What connective tissue type is most widely distributed in the body?

A

Areolar connective tissue

55
Q

Where is areolar connective tissue found?

A

In all mucous membranes as the lamina propria

56
Q

What are the functions of areolar connective tissue?

A

Supporting and binding other tissues, holding body fluids and provided a reservoir of water and salts, defending against infection, and storing nutrients as fat

57
Q

What cell types are found in areolar connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, and mast cells

58
Q

What molecule is present in high concentration in the ground substance of areolar connective tissue, making it highly viscous?

A

Hyaluronic acid

59
Q

Although areolar connective tissue contains all three fiber types, which is the least abundant?

A

Collagen

60
Q

Which loose connective tissue is highly vascular, has great nutrient storing ability, and accounts for 18% of an average person’s body weight?

A

Adipose tissue

61
Q

What are the functions of adipose tissue?

A

Shock absorption, insulation, and energy storage

62
Q

Where is adipose tissue found?

A

In the subcutaneous tissue, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, in genetically-determined locations such as abdomen and hips, and around the heart and lymph nodes

63
Q

What does white adipose tissue do?

A

Stores nutrients

64
Q

What does brown adipose tissue do?

A

Generate heat from lipids

65
Q

What type of loose connective tissue has only one type of fiber, which forms a stroma that can support many free blood cells?

A

Reticular

66
Q

Where is reticular connective tissue found?

A

Only in the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.

67
Q

What type of dense connective tissue has closely-packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

68
Q

What types of cells are found in dense regular connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

69
Q

What does dense regular connective tissue typically form?

A

Tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments

70
Q

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

A

Tendons attach muscle to bone while ligaments bind bones together at joints and contain more elastic fibers.

71
Q

What are the flats sheetlike tendons that attach muscles to other muscles or to bones called?

A

Aponeuroses

72
Q

What type of dense connective tissue has bundles of collagen arranged in multiple directions and forms sheets in body areas where tension is exerted in different directions?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

73
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

A

In the skin as the dermis, in fibrous joint capsules, and as fibrous coverings that surround some organs

74
Q

What type of dense connective tissue is found in both ligaments and in the walls of large arteries?

A

Elastic

75
Q

What connective tissue class possesses qualities of both dense connective tissue and bone?

A

Cartilage

76
Q

What two notable things does cartilage lack?

A

Blood vessels and nerve fibers

77
Q

Where does cartilage get its nutrients from?

A

Blood vessels in the perichondrium

78
Q

What does the ground substance of collagen contain?

A

Large amounts of glycosaminoglycans and collagen fibers

79
Q

What allows cartilage to rebound after being compressed?

A

It is 80% water

80
Q

What type of cartilage is most abundant?

A

Hyaline

81
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

The ends of long bones, the tip of the nose, connecting the rib to the sternum, supporting respiratory passages, and making up most of the embryonic skeleton

82
Q

What type of cartilage is found where strength and flexibility are needed?

A

Elastic

83
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Epiglottis, external ear

84
Q

What type of cartilage is similar to dense regular connective tissue?

A

Fibrocartilage

85
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Intervertebral discs; where strong support and ability to withstand heavy pressure is needed

86
Q

What makes osseus tissue harder and more rigid than cartilage?

A

Its matrix contains inorganic calcium salts

87
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

To form the organic portion of the extracellular matrix of bone tissue

88
Q

Where would you find osteocytes?

A

In the lacunae of bone tissue

89
Q

What are osteons?

A

Concentric rings of bony matrix surrounding central canals of blood vessels and nerves

90
Q

Why is blood classified as a connective tissue?

A

It develops from mesenchyme and consists of cells surrounded by nonliving fluid matrix.

91
Q

What are the elaborate networks of actin and myosin, responsible for movement and contraction, called?

A

Myofilaments

92
Q

What are the special junctions between myocardial cells called?

A

Intercalated discs

93
Q

How are myocardial cells linked together?

A

Via gap junctions and desmosomes at the intercalated discs

94
Q

What are the two major cell types of nervous tissue?

A

Neurons and supporting cells (neuroglia)

95
Q

Which neuron component receives a stimulus?

A

The dendrite

96
Q

Which neuron component transmits electrical impulses?

A

Axons

97
Q

What do the glial cells do?

A

Support, insulate, and protect neurons

98
Q

What are the two most common epithelia types in mucous membranes?

A

Stratified squamous and simple columnar

99
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

A layer of areolar connective tissue that lies beneath all of the mucous membrane’s epithelial sheets.

100
Q

What are the moist membranes found in the closed ventral body cavities called?

A

Serous membranes

101
Q

What do serous membranes consist of?

A

Simple squamous epithelium (the mesothelium) resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

102
Q

How do mesothelial cells lubricate the facing surfaces of the parietal and visceral layers?

A

The add hyaluronic acid to the fluid being filtered from the capillaries into their associated connective tissue

103
Q

What type of cartilage is a precursor to bone and is found in adult synovial joints?

A

Hyaline

104
Q

What is the central cavity of an osteon called?

A

The Haversian canal

105
Q

What two types of cells exhibit electrical excitability?

A

Neurons and muscle fibers

106
Q

What is the soma of a neuron?

A

The cell body, containing the organelles and having an afferent and efferent side

107
Q

What is the afferent side of a neuron?

A

The dendrites

108
Q

What is the efferent side of a neuron?

A

The axon

109
Q

Which part of the neuron conducts information to other cells?

A

The axon

110
Q

What is the axon made of?

A

Microfibrils and microtubules

A&P I (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions