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MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY LEC) > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

groups of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding
them

A

Tissues

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2
Q

the microscopic study of tissue structure

A

Histology

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3
Q
  • Found both inside and outside the body
  • Forms the layers that cover the surfaces and line the hollow organs of our body
A

Epthelium

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4
Q

Functions of Epithelia

A
  1. Protecting underlying structures
  2. Acting as a barrier
  3. Permitting the passage of substances 4. Secreting substances
  4. Absorbing substances
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5
Q

Shape and number of layers of epithelial cells can change if they are subjected to long-term irritation or other abnormal conditions

A

Clinical Impact

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6
Q
  • Structures that hold them to each other or to the basement membrane.
  • Mechanically bind the cells together
  • Help form a barrier to the movement of molecules
  • Provide a mechanism for intercellular communication
A

Cell Connections

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7
Q

Cell connection structures that mechanically bind epithelial cells together

A

Desmosomes

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8
Q

Bind cells to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

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9
Q

barrier to movement of molecules or ions between epithelial cells

A

Tight Junctions

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10
Q

allow for intercellular communication

A

Gap Junctions

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11
Q

Composed of epithelium supported by a network of connective tissue

A

Glands

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12
Q
  • produce chemicals called hormones
  • ductless glands
  • extensive network of blood vessels
A

Endocrine

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13
Q

categorized on the basis of their structure and mode of secretion

A

Exocrine

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14
Q

refers to the tube in contact with the epithelial tissue free surface

A

Duct

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15
Q

responsible for producing the secreted material

A

Secretory Portion

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16
Q

Unicellular example

A

Goblet Cell

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17
Q

Unicellular mode of secretion

A

Mecrorine

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18
Q

Multicellular Simple structural subtype

A

Simple tubular
Simple branched tubular
Simple acinar
Simple branched acinar

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19
Q

Multicellular Simple example

A

Glands in stomach, Gastric glands in stomach, Sebaceous glands, and thyroid glans

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20
Q

Multicellular Simple mode of secretion

A

Merocrine
Merocrine
Holocrine
Merocrine

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21
Q

Compound Structural subtype

A

Compound tubular
Compound acinar
Compound tubuloacinar

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22
Q

Compound example

A

Mucous glands of duodenum, Mammary glands, and Pancreas

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23
Q

Compound mode of secretion

A

Merocrine
Apocrine for fatty portion
Merocrine for protein-rich portion
Merocrine

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24
Q

Glands forming a straight tube with no branching of the secretory
portion

A

Simple tubular

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25
Q

several tubular secretory portions branching from the single duct

A

Simple branched tubular

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26
Q

glands with a single saclike secretory portion

A

Simple acinar

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27
Q

glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct

A

Simple branched acinar

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28
Q

glands with multiple ducts, each with a narrow tubular secretory portion

A

Compound tubular

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29
Q

glands with multiple ducts, each with several saclike secretory portions

A

Compound acinar

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30
Q

glands with multiple ducts, each with several tubular and acinar secretory portions

A

Compund tuboloacinar

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31
Q
  • release of secretory products through
  • exocytosis š most common
A

Merocrine secretion

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32
Q

release of secretory products when a portion of the free surface of the
epithelial cell pinches off

A

Apocrine

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33
Q

release of secretory products through shedding of entire cells

A

Holocrine

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34
Q

consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix

A

Connective Tissue

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35
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue

A
  • Enclosing and separating other tissues - Connecting tissues to one another
  • Supporting and moving parts of the body
  • Storing compounds
  • Cushioning and insulating
  • Transporting
  • Protecting
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36
Q

create the matrix

A

“Blasts”

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37
Q

maintain

A

š “Cytes”

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38
Q

break it down for remodeling

A

š “Clasts”

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39
Q

3 major components of Extracellular Matrix

A
  • Protein fibers
  • Ground substance
  • Fluid
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40
Q

3 types of protein fibers of the matrix

A

Collagen
Reticular
Elastic

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41
Q

consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides

A

Proteoglycans

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42
Q

The amount of fluid in the matrix is correlated with the ________ and ____________ of ground substance molecules

A

type and quantity

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43
Q

Classification of Connective Tissues

A

Embryonic
Adult

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44
Q

This connective tissue has fewer fibers, more ground substance

A

Loose Connective Tissue

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45
Q

This connective tissue has more fibers, less ground substance

A

Dense Connective Tissue

46
Q

This connective tissue has semisolid matrix

47
Q

This connective tissue has solid matrix

48
Q

This connective tissue is fluid

49
Q

consists of few protein fibers that form a lacy network

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

50
Q

Dense Connective Tissues

A

Collagenous
Elastic

51
Q

Supporting Connective Tissues

A

Cartilage
Bones

52
Q
  • Composed of chondrocytes
  • Collagen in the matrix gives cartilage flexibility and strength
53
Q

Cartilages

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage

54
Q

A hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a ineralized matrix

55
Q

bone cells

A

Osteocytes

56
Q

This type of bone:
- has spaces between trabeculae or plates of bone
- resembles a sponge

A

Spongy bone

57
Q

This type of bone:
- more solid
- almost no space between many thin layers of mineralized matrix

A

Compact bone

58
Q

3 Types of Muscle Tisse

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

59
Q
  • Forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
  • Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
A

Nervous Tissue

60
Q

A thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity

A

Tissue Membrane

61
Q

Tissue Membranes

A
  • Cutaneous (External)
  • Mucous
  • Serous
  • Synovial
62
Q
  • Line cavities that open to the outside of the body
  • Digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
  • Consist of epithelial cells, their basement membrane, and a thick layer of loose connective tissue
A

Mucous Membrane

63
Q
  • Line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body
  • Pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities
  • Protects internal organs from friction
A

Serous Membranes

64
Q
  • Line the cavities of freely movable joints
  • produce synovial fluid
A

Synovial Membranes

65
Q

Tissue Damage and Inflammation

A

Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Disturbance of Function

66
Q
  • Substitution of viable cells for dead cells
  • Tissue repair can occur by regeneration or by replacement
A

Tissue Repair

67
Q

Has an exceptional ability to support and protect body structures due to its hardness, which is determined by the additional collagen fibers and calcium salts found in the extracellular matrix.

A

Bone (Osseous) Tissue

68
Q

Gives rise to blood cells

A

Bone Marrow

69
Q

Similar to that of cartilage but is harder and more rigid, more abundant collagen fibers, Support and protect body structures due to its hardness and provide cavities for fat storage and synthesis of blood cells, specifically the bone marrow.

70
Q

Major Cell Type of Bones

A

Osteocytes

71
Q

Immature bone cells

A

Osteoblasts

72
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

73
Q

It is where the cells reside

A

Lacunae (cavity in bone or cartilage within the matrix they have made)

74
Q

Characteristics of the bone tissues

A

hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers.

75
Q

Functions of the bone

A

Bone supports and protects (by enclosing), Provides levers for the muscles to act on ,Stores calcium and other minerals and fat, Site for cell formation (hematopoiesis)

76
Q

Fluid within blood vessels, classified as connective tissue and is the most atypical connective tissue it develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells

77
Q

Why is blood the most atypical tissue?

A

Do not connect things or give support.

78
Q

Nonliving fluid matrix

A

Blood Plasma

79
Q

Function of the Blood

A

Transports of gasses, nutrients, wastes and other substances.

80
Q

What do red blood cells transport?

81
Q

Location of the blood

A

within the blood vessels

82
Q

Five types of White Blood Cells

A

Neutrophil, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophil, Basophil

83
Q

White Blood Cell that Attacks bacteria

A

Neutrophil

84
Q

White Blood Cell that Attacks Virus

A

Lymphocytes

85
Q

White Blood Cell that

A

Eosinophil

86
Q

Main components of the nervous system

A

nervous tissue

87
Q

Regulates and controls body functions

A

nervous tissue in particular the brain, spinal cord and nerves

88
Q

Two types of cells

A

Neurons and Supporting cells

89
Q

Specialized cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses and are branching cells

90
Q

Non-conductive cells that support, insulate and protect the neurons and are contributing to nervous tissue.

A

Supporting cells

91
Q

Function of the nervous tissue

A

transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors

92
Q

Location of the nervous tissue

A

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerve

93
Q

Inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection, potentially life-threatening and is the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Encephalitis

94
Q

Highly cellular, well vascularized tissues responsible for movement.

A

Muscle Tissue

95
Q

Possess myofilaments

A

Muscle cells (muscle fibers)

96
Q

That brings about movement or contraction in all muscle cell types

A

Actin and Myosin filaments

97
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

98
Q

Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells, obvious striations

A

skeletal muscle

99
Q

Function of the skeletal muscle

A

Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors_voluntary movements, locomotion and facial expression.

100
Q

Location of the skeletal muscle

A

In skeletal muscles attached to bones and occasionally to skin

101
Q

Branching, striated generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

102
Q

Specialized Junctions

A

Intercalated Discs

103
Q

Function of the cardiac muscle tissue

A

As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation and its involuntary

104
Q

Location of the cardiac muscle

A

Walls of the heart

105
Q

Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, has no striations and the cells are arranged closely to form sheets

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

106
Q

Function of the Smooth Muscle Tissue

A

Propels substances or objects along internal passageways and its involuntary

107
Q

Location of the Smooth Muscle Tissue

A

Mostly in the walls of hollow organs

108
Q

Loss of Fiber Degeneration and is caused by a defective gene in the X chromosome

A

Muscular Dystrophy

109
Q

Non-functional muscle protein and is produced in the X Chromosome

A

Dystrophin

110
Q

Tissues that regenerate easily

A
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Fibrous Connective tissue and bone
111
Q

Tissues that regenerate poorly (avascular)

A
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cartilage
112
Q

Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue

A
  • Cardiac Muscle
  • Nervous Tissue within the brain and spinal cord

MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY LEC) (7 decks)

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