Integumentary System Flashcards
Skin is Made up of two major tissue layers:
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
- New cells are produced by mitosis
- Prevents water loss and resist abrasion
- The outermost cells protect the cells underneath, and the deeper, replicating cells replace cells lost from the surface
Epidermis
Layers of Epidermis
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
Consists of cuboidal or columnar cells
Stratum basale
Composed of flattened cells
Stratum spinosum
Composed of flat and diamond-shaped cells
Stratum granulosum
Cells have no nuclei or organelles
Stratum lucidum
- Most superficial stratum of the epidermis
- The cells are coated and surrounded by lipids
Stratum corneum
Composed of dense collagenous connective tissue
Dermis
- Pigments in the skin
- Blood circulating through the skin
- Thickness of the stratum corneum
Skin Color
Factors affecting melanin production
- Genetic factors
- Exposure to light
- Hormones
- the most common type of cancer
- mostly develop on the face, neck, or hands
Skin cancer
3 main types of Skin Cancer
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Malignant Melanoma
- Hypodermis
- Loose connective tissue, including adipose tissue
- Attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle
Subcutaneous Tissue
Accessory Skin Structures
- Hair
- Glands
- Nails
- Found everywhere on the skin
- Arises from a hair follicle
Hair
- Surrounds medulla
- Covered by cuticle
Cortex
- Smooth muscle cells
- Contraction causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin’s surface
Arrector pili
- Inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands
- Overproduction of epidermal cells in the hair follicle
Acne
Four factors responsible for acne
- Hormones
- Sebum
- Abnormal production of cells
- Bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. ancnes)
Types of Glands
- Sebaceous Glands
- Sweat Glands
This sweat gland:
- is simple, coiled, tubular glands
- is the most numerous in the palms and soles
Eccrine
This sweat gland:
- is simple, coiled, tubular glands
- produces a thick secretion rich in organic substances
Apocrine
Consist of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contain a very hard type of keratin
Nails
Functions of Integumentary System
- Sensation
- Vitamin D Production
- Temperature Regulation
- Excretion
Effects of aging
- Skin is more easily damaged
- Skin infections are more likely
- Skin sag and wrinkle
- Reduced ability to regulate body temperature
- Skin becomes drier
- Number of melanocytes decreases - Gray/white hair
