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Anatomy > tissues > Flashcards

tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

Epithelial

Muscle

Nervous

Connective

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2
Q

What are the overarching classes of epithelial CELLS?

A

Stratified and simple

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3
Q

What is the difference between stratified and simple epithelial tissue?

A

Simple tissue is one layer thick while stratified tissue is multi-layered§

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4
Q

What are the 3 different types of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

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5
Q

What are teh 3 types of musclar tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

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6
Q

Where is nervous tissue found?

A

In the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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7
Q

What are the 4 regions of nervous tissue?

A

Dentrites

Cell body(soma)

Axon

Terminals

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8
Q

What are teh 5 types of connective tissue

A

Bone

Blood

Cartialage

Loose connective tissue

Dense connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the function of bone?

A

Provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. Bone’s rigid extracellular matrix conatins mostly collagen fibres embedded in a mineralised ground substance containing hydroxyapatite (a form of calcium phosphate)

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10
Q

What are the 2 components of blood?

A

Cells and fluid matrix

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Adipose

Aerolar

Reticular

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12
Q

Where is loose connective tissue found?

A

Between many organs where it acts both to absord shock and bind tissues together

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13
Q

What is the function of loose connective tissue?

A

To diffuse through adjacent or imbedded cells and tissues

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14
Q

Describe adipose tissue

A

This is a loose connective tissue that consists of fat cells with little extracellular matrix. It stores fat for energy and provides insulation

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15
Q

Describe areolar tissue

A

Fills the spaces between muscle fibres, surrounds lymph vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity. Areolar tissue underlies most epithelia and respresents a connective tissue component of epithelial membranes

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16
Q

Describe reticular loose connective tissue

A

Mesh like supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen and the liver. Reticular cells produce the reticular fibres that form the network onto which other cells attach

17
Q

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?

A

Regular

Irregular

Elastic

18
Q

Describe dense regular connective tissue and state where it is found

A

Dense regular connective tissue fibres are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fibre oreintations

Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue

19
Q

Describe dense irregular connective tissue and state where it is found

A

In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. This arrangement gives tissue greater strength in all directions and less strength in one particular direction

Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the lower layers of the skin(dermis) and in the protective white layer of the eyeball

20
Q

Describe elastic connective tissue and state where it is found

A

Elastic connective tissue is a modified dense connective tissue that conatins numerous elastic fibres in addition to collagen fibres which allows the tissue to return to its original length after stretching

The lungs and areteries have a layer of elastic connective tissue that allows the stretch and recoil of these organs

21
Q

What are the 3 types of cartialage

A

Hyline

Fibrocartilage

Elastic Cartilage

22
Q

What is cartilage

A

A tough flexible tissue found throughout the body - it covers the surface of joints, acting as a shock absorber and allowing bones to slide over one another

23
Q

What are chondrocytes and where are they found?

A

They are essentially cartialage cells, and they are embedded within the cartilage matrix

24
Q

What are lacunae

A

The space that the chondrocytes occupy in cartialage

25
Q

Describe hyline cartialge and state where it is found

A

most common type of cartilage in the body. Constists of short and dispered collagen fibres and contains large amounds of proteoglycans. Both strong and flexible it is found in the rib cage and nose and covers bones where they meet to form moveable joints. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation

26
Q

Describe fibrocartilage and state where it is found

A

Fibroucartilage is tough because it has thick bundes of collagen fibres dispered through its matrix. The knee and jaw joints and the intervertebral discs are examples of fibrocartilage

27
Q

What are glands?

A

A collecion of secretory epithelial cells

28
Q

What are the two broad classifications of glands?

A

Exocine (do have ducts)

Endocrine(do not have ducts)

29
Q

Describe endocrine glands with reference to:

  • the presence of ducts
  • secretory products
  • Route of secretion
  • Examples
A

Endocrine glands do not have ducts.

They secrete hormones which are released directly into the bloodstream - eventually reaching the target organ.

Examples of endocrine glands incule thyroid glands, adrenal glands and pituitary glands

30
Q

Describe exocrine glands with reference to:

  • the presence of ducts
  • secretory products
  • Route of secretion
  • Examples
A

Exocrine glands have ducts present.

They secrete sweat, enzymes, mucus and sebum.

These secretory products are released to an internal organ or the external surface through a duct.

Examples include salivary glands, pancreas and the liver

31
Q

What are the two classes of shape that exocrine glands can take

A

Simple or compound

32
Q

What are the two types of simple exocrine shape?

A

Tubular and acinar

33
Q

What shape is a compound exocrine gland?

A

Tubuloacinar (combination of tubular and acinar)

34
Q

What are the 2 main types of fibres found in connective tissue

A

Collagen and elastin

35
Q

Give one example of each of the following exocrine glands and state one site in the body where each is found:
Merocrine (Eccrine)
Apocrine
Holocrine

A

Anatomy (15 decks)

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