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Anatomy > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of tissue forms glands?

A

Epithelia

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2
Q

Is the epithelia vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular, it relies on the connective tissue for blood supply

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3
Q

What is the name given to the top and bottom of epithelia cells?

A

Apical - exposed to the surface cavity

Basal surface

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4
Q

What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?

A

Fast absorption and diffusion, making thin membranes

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5
Q

What is the function of cuboidal cells?

A

Absorb nutrients and produce secretions

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6
Q

What is the function of cuboidal cells?

A

Cushions underlying tissues

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7
Q

What is meant by pseudostratified?

A

Mostly one layer, cells with different shapes and sizes

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8
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the epithelium from underlying connective tissue.

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9
Q

What does the basement membrane consist of?

A

The basal lamina and the underlying layer of reticular connective tissue

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10
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

It is the layer of extracellular matrix on which the epithelium sits

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11
Q

What is the reticular connective tissue composed of?

A

A network of collagen fibres

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12
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine - secretes hormones into the blood stream or nearby cells

Exocrine - secretes their juices into tubes or ducts

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13
Q

Which type of gland loses contact with the cell surface?

A

Endocrine

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14
Q

What are the two types of tubular glands?

A

Tubular or acinar

or they can mix to form tubuloacinar

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15
Q

What is the difference in secretions between acinar and tubular glands?

A

Acinar - Thick mucus

Tubular - Secretes thinner liquids which can travel easily from tubular glands

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16
Q

What are the two types of exocrine gland?

A

Mucous and serous

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17
Q

What are the products of mucous and serous glands?

A

Mucous - mucous - a secretion rich in proteglycans

Serous - a secretion rich in proteins often enzymes

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18
Q

What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

A

Cuboidal cells that contract to secrete sticky mucous

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19
Q

Why can’t you store steroid hormones?

And what do you store instead?

A

They would immediately leave the cell

Instead you store their precursors (lipids)

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20
Q

What are all steroids derived from?

A

Cholesterol

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21
Q

What is meant by parenchyma?

A

The functional parts of the organ within the body

22
Q

What is meant by the stroma?

A

The structural tissues of organs (mostly connective tissue).

23
Q

How are hepatocyte cells arranged?

A

In rows between blood vessels

24
Q

What functions do hepatocytes have?

A

Involved in protein synthesis and storage

25
Q

What are the functions of support epithelial cells in the liver?

A

Line blood vessels and bile ducts

26
Q

What are the functions of the support epithelial cells in the kidney?

A

Lines the blood vessels and the renal pelvis (which receives toxic urine)

27
Q

Give an example of over and under secretion of a gland

A

Pituitary dwarfism

Pituitary gigantism

28
Q

What lines the fallopian tube?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

29
Q

What is the effect of chlamydia?

A

Causes extensive scarring and adhesions (parts of tissue become connected that are not meant to be connected)

Mucus is very thick, meaning sperm and ovum cannot move

30
Q

What are the different classes of connective tissue?

A

Proper, cartilage, bone and blood

31
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A 
Bind and support
Protect
Insulate
Stores reserve fluid and energy
Transports substances within the body
Movement
32
Q

Where does all connective tissue come from?

A

Mesenchyme - loose and fluid embryonic tissue

33
Q

What is connective tissue mostly composed of?

A

Non-living material, the extracellular matrix

34
Q

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

A

Ground substance and Proteglycans

35
Q

What is the function of ground substance?

A

Fills in spaces between cells

36
Q

What is the function of proteoglycans?

A
  • Anchoring
  • Produces lots of starchy glands called glycosaminoglycans, they radiate out of proteins like brush bristles which form tangles and trap water
37
Q

What are the different types of fibres than run throughout the ground substance?

A

Collagen, reticular and elastic fibres

38
Q

What is the most abundant type of fibre that runs throughout the ground substance?

A

Collagen - Strongest, tough and flexible

39
Q

Which type of fibre is long and thin and runs throughout the ground substance in a branching network and can be found in sheets?

A

Elastic fibres, which can stretch and recoil

40
Q

What type of fibre is short finer collagen fibres with an extra coating of glycoprotein?

A

Reticular

41
Q

What is the function of the reticular layer?

A

Delicate sponge like network that supports and cradles organs

42
Q

What is meant by ‘Blast’ cells

A

They are immature cells that are responsible for forming fibers and ground substance that form its unique matrix

43
Q

What is meant by ‘cyte’ cells?

A

Mature cells that have finished forming their matrix

44
Q

Give an example of connective tissue with an immune fucntion

A

Macrophages

45
Q

What determines wether proper connective tissue is dense or loose?

A

The amount of fibres within the ground substance

46
Q

Give examples of loose connective tissue

A

Areolar, reticular, adipose

47
Q

What are the cells and fibers contained within the areolar connective tissue?

A

Fibroblast cells, mast cells and white blood cells

Collagen fibers, Elastin fibers, and Reticular fibers

48
Q

What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?

A

Loose connective

49
Q

Give examples of dense proper connective tissue

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

50
Q

What is the difference between dense regular and dense irregular proper connective tissue?

A

Regular - Fibres in rows

Irregular - Fibres not in rows - where tissue is exposed to forces in many directions

51
Q

Where can you find elastic tissue?

A

Artery walls

Anatomy (15 decks)

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