Tissues Flashcards by Melissa Deming

What are the levels of organization?

Chemical(atoms and molecules)
Cellular
Tissue( a group of cells that perform a common function)
Organ(multiple tissues that come together to perform a function)

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What is the extracellular matrix?

Surrounds the cells of a tissue
comprised of water, protein fibers, and dissolved molecules

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What is epithelium?

Lines body cavities and inside of hollow organs
forms exocrine glands
covers body and organ surafces

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What is connective tissue?

Binds/support/protect other tissues and organs

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What is muscle tissue?

Moves body or moves organ walls

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What is nervous tissue?

Control activities, processes info

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What is cellularity?

Composed almost entirely of cell with minimall extracellular matrix

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What is the apical surface?

Exposed to outside enviornment

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What is the basal surface?

Closer to the underlying connective tissue

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What is epithelial tissue bound to?

a basement membrane

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What is avascularity?

no blood vessels
gets nutrients via diffusion from other tissues

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What is high regenerative capacity?

die quickly and replaced quickly

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What is simple Eithelium?

one layer thick

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What is striated epithelium?

many layers thick

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What are squamous cells?

flattened cells

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What are cuboidal cells?

About as tall as they are wide

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What are columnar cells?

Taller than wider shaped cells

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What is simple squamous epithelium?

one layer of flattened cells
function: diffusion and filtration
location: lines alveoli, lumens of blood vessels

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What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

single layer of cuboidal cells, typically round
Function: secrete and absorption
Location: lines of tubules of kidney, ducts of glands

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What is simple Columnar epithelium?

Single layer of tall cells
Function: secretion and absorption
location: lines most of GI tract

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What are goblet cells?

round cells that secrete muscus for lubrication

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What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Columnar irregularly shaped, some have cilia
Function: protection
Location: lines the upper respiratory tract

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Stratified squamous epithelium?

Superficial layers of cells are flattened
Function: protection

Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium?

most superficial layers are dead cells
within the epidermis

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Most superficial cells are alive and kept moist Locations: oral cavity, portion of pharynx, vagina

Transitional epitheium?

multiple layers of cells, superficial cels are flattened or rounded Function: protection, withstand strecthing Location: urinary tract

What is the stomach made up of?

Simple columnar epithelium

What are unicellular glands?

secrete mucus and are one cell goblet cells

What are multicellular glands?

Secret materials through a duct Three types

What is a merocrine gland?

Most common multicellular exocrine gland Secretion passes from cell(vesicles) cell remain intact

What are some examples of merocrine glands?

Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, most sweat glands

What are apocrine glands?

top of the cell pinched off and becomes the secretion cell repairs itself and remains functional

What is an example of an apocrine gland?

Mammary glands

What are holocrine glands?

Whole cells ruptures and dies and becomes the secretion old cells replaced

What is an example of holocrine gland?

Sebaceous glands

What is derived from mesenchyme?

Connective tissue

what is the mesenchyme?

embryonic connective tissue

Is CT vascular?

Yes

What does CT consist of?

cells, protein fibers, ground substance

What are the protein fibers found in CT?

elastic, collagen, and reticular fiber

What is the ground substances in CT?

may be fluid, gel-like, or semi-solid, or solid

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

Areolar and adipose

What is areolar CT?

cells: fibroblasts Function: packing and binding material Locations: subcutaneous layer

What is adipose CT?

Cell: adipocytes (nucleus pushed to the periphery) Function: energy, storage, insulation, protection&support Location: subcutaneous layer and viseral

What are the two types of Dense CT?

Dense regular and irregular

What is dense irregular CT?

Cells: fibroblasts good vascularity, protein fibers in clumps Functions: strength & support, withstands stresses in many directions

What is dense regular CT?

Cells: fibroblasts Poor vascularity, protein fibers run parallel Function: strength and support, resists stress in one direction Location: tendons and ligaments

What are chondrocytes?

Cells within cartilage

Are lacunae found in cartilage?

yes

What is the ground substance of cartilage?

Semisolid and avascular

What is the perichondrium?

Surrounds cartilage

What is hyaline cartilage?

Function: support, provides a smooth surface for articulation Location: found on joint surfaces, trachea, fetal skeleton very organized structure

What is fibrocartilage?

Function: support and withstand compression Location: intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, menisci Collagen fibers with some lacunae and chondrocytes

What is Elastic cartilage?

Function: flexibility and strength Location: external ear few protein fibers mostly ground substrate

What are fluid CT?

Blood and lymph

What are intercalated discs?

Specialized cell junctions to transmit nerve impluses in cardiac muscle