Tissues Flashcards
What are the levels of organization?
Chemical(atoms and molecules)
Cellular
Tissue( a group of cells that perform a common function)
Organ(multiple tissues that come together to perform a function)
What is the extracellular matrix?
Surrounds the cells of a tissue
comprised of water, protein fibers, and dissolved molecules
What is epithelium?
Lines body cavities and inside of hollow organs
forms exocrine glands
covers body and organ surafces
What is connective tissue?
Binds/support/protect other tissues and organs
What is muscle tissue?
Moves body or moves organ walls
What is nervous tissue?
Control activities, processes info
What is cellularity?
Composed almost entirely of cell with minimall extracellular matrix
What is the apical surface?
Exposed to outside enviornment
What is the basal surface?
Closer to the underlying connective tissue
What is epithelial tissue bound to?
a basement membrane
What is avascularity?
no blood vessels
gets nutrients via diffusion from other tissues
What is high regenerative capacity?
die quickly and replaced quickly
What is simple Eithelium?
one layer thick
What is striated epithelium?
many layers thick
What are squamous cells?
flattened cells
What are cuboidal cells?
About as tall as they are wide
What are columnar cells?
Taller than wider shaped cells
What is simple squamous epithelium?
one layer of flattened cells
function: diffusion and filtration
location: lines alveoli, lumens of blood vessels
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
single layer of cuboidal cells, typically round
Function: secrete and absorption
Location: lines of tubules of kidney, ducts of glands
What is simple Columnar epithelium?
Single layer of tall cells
Function: secretion and absorption
location: lines most of GI tract
What are goblet cells?
round cells that secrete muscus for lubrication
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Columnar irregularly shaped, some have cilia
Function: protection
Location: lines the upper respiratory tract
Stratified squamous epithelium?
Superficial layers of cells are flattened
Function: protection
Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium?
most superficial layers are dead cells
within the epidermis
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Most superficial cells are alive and kept moist
Locations: oral cavity, portion of pharynx, vagina
Transitional epitheium?
multiple layers of cells, superficial cels are flattened or rounded
Function: protection, withstand strecthing
Location: urinary tract
What is the stomach made up of?
Simple columnar epithelium
What are unicellular glands?
secrete mucus and are one cell
goblet cells
What are multicellular glands?
Secret materials through a duct
Three types
What is a merocrine gland?
Most common multicellular exocrine gland
Secretion passes from cell(vesicles)
cell remain intact
What are some examples of merocrine glands?
Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, most sweat glands
What are apocrine glands?
top of the cell pinched off and becomes the secretion
cell repairs itself and remains functional
What is an example of an apocrine gland?
Mammary glands
What are holocrine glands?
Whole cells ruptures and dies and becomes the secretion
old cells replaced
What is an example of holocrine gland?
Sebaceous glands
What is derived from mesenchyme?
Connective tissue
what is the mesenchyme?
embryonic connective tissue
Is CT vascular?
Yes
What does CT consist of?
cells, protein fibers, ground substance
What are the protein fibers found in CT?
elastic, collagen, and reticular fiber
What is the ground substances in CT?
may be fluid, gel-like, or semi-solid, or solid
What are the types of loose connective tissue?
Areolar and adipose
What is areolar CT?
cells: fibroblasts
Function: packing and binding material
Locations: subcutaneous layer
What is adipose CT?
Cell: adipocytes (nucleus pushed to the periphery)
Function: energy, storage, insulation, protection&support
Location: subcutaneous layer and viseral
What are the two types of Dense CT?
Dense regular and irregular
What is dense irregular CT?
Cells: fibroblasts
good vascularity, protein fibers in clumps
Functions: strength & support, withstands stresses in many directions
What is dense regular CT?
Cells: fibroblasts
Poor vascularity, protein fibers run parallel
Function: strength and support, resists stress in one direction
Location: tendons and ligaments
What are chondrocytes?
Cells within cartilage
Are lacunae found in cartilage?
yes
What is the ground substance of cartilage?
Semisolid and avascular
What is the perichondrium?
Surrounds cartilage
What is hyaline cartilage?
Function: support, provides a smooth surface for articulation
Location: found on joint surfaces, trachea, fetal skeleton
very organized structure
What is fibrocartilage?
Function: support and withstand compression
Location: intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, menisci
Collagen fibers with some lacunae and chondrocytes
What is Elastic cartilage?
Function: flexibility and strength
Location: external ear
few protein fibers mostly ground substrate
What are fluid CT?
Blood and lymph
What are intercalated discs?
Specialized cell junctions to transmit nerve impluses in cardiac muscle
