Integument System Flashcards
Functions of the integument(Skin)?
Protection
H2O resistant
temperature regulation
Secretion
vitamin D synthesis
Sensory reception
Immune Defense
What tissue makes up the epidermis?
Keratinized striated squamous epithelium
Is the epidermis vascular?
No
What are epidermal ridges?
rounded protrusions that interlock with the dermis papilae
What tissues makes up the Dermis?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What tissue makes up the subcutaneous layer?
Areolar and Adipose
Is the subcutaneous layer apart of the integument?
No
What is the most numerous cell of the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
What do keratinocytes do?
Produce keratin
Where do keratinocytes replicate and then die?
replicate at the stratum basale layer and die in the stratum granulosum then migrate to the stratum corneum to be sluffed off
What are melanocytes?
Cells that produce melanin but the pigment is transferred into the keratinocytes
Where are melanocytes found?
Stratum basale
What are tactile cells?
Tactile sensation
connected to nerve endings
Where are tactile cells found?
Stratum basale
What are epidermal dendritic cells?
They phagocytose bacteria and foreign debris
Where are epidermal dendritic cells found?
Stratum spinosum
What are the layer of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Lucidum (thick)
Stratum corneum
What is the stratum basale?
Single layer of columnar/cuboidal keratinocytes resting on a basement membrane
constantly dividing
What is the stratum spinosum?
Several layers of polygonal-shaped keratinocytes
What is the stratum granulosum?
3-5 layers of granular flattened keratinocytes
keratinization begins here
cells die and are filled with keratin
Cells are now dead
What is the stratum lucidum?
Only in thick skin
2-3 layers of pale, flattened, anucleate keratinocytes
What is the stratum Corneum?
most superficial layer
20-30 layers of dead, anucleate keratinocytes
What are the layers of the dermis?
Papillary and reticular
What is the papillary layer?
Most superficial layer
contains dermal papillae
What is the reticular layer?
Deep to the papillary layer
contains: sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles
What tissue is the dermis made of?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What are the epidermal accessory organ formed by?
Epidermis invaginating into the dermis
What are nails?
Formed by stratum corneum
Functions: protect tips of fingers and toes, help with grasping
What are hairs?
Associated with sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscles
Functions: protection from UV, sensory reception, heat retention
What are arrector pili muscles?
Smooth muscles that make hairs stand on end
What are the two exocrine glands in the dermis?
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands
What is the location of the glands?
reticular layer
What are sebaceous glands?
Holocrine glands
secrete sebum(oil)
Functions: Lube and water proof epidermis, protects hair from being brittle
