Cell and Cell Division Flashcards
What does cholesterol do in the membrane?
Provides Strength
What are Gycocalyx?
carbs that participate in cell-cell interaction
What are microvilli?
plasma membrane folds, very small
What are cilia?
Large hair like projections
What does rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Synthesizes proteins and distributes them
What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
synthesizes lipids
detoxifies drugs and alc
What are lysosomes?
spherical structures that contain digestive enzymes
garbage man of cell
What are centrioles?
Pair of rod-shaped structures that are involved in cell division
What is the nuclear envelope?
membrane that surrounds nucleous
What is the nucleolus?
makes parts for ribosomes
in cells with high protein synthesis
motor neurons
What happens in Interphase?
cell at rest
where DNA is replicated
What happens in mitotic phase?
Division of nucleus
division of cytoplasm
What are sister chromatids
2 genetically identical copies of a replicated chromosome
What is a single chromosome?
1 chromatid
non-replicated DNA
What happens in Prophase?
DNA condensation into chromosomes
What happens in Metaphase?
Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell
spindle fibers extends from centrioles
What happens in Anaphase?
Spindle fibers pull single chromosomes to the poles of the cell
What happens in Telophase?
Nuclear envelope begins to reform
cleavage furrow develops
cytokinesis begins
What is a diploid?
a cell with 2 copies of each chromosome(mitosis)
What is a haploid?
A cell with a single copy of each chromosome(meiosis)
What is the end result of Meiosis 1?
Homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated
results in 2 cells, each with only 23 double-stranded chromosomes(haploid)
What is the end result of Meiosis 2?
Replicated chromosomes separated into single-stranded chromosomes
Results in 4 cells, each with 23 single chromosomes
What happens in Prophase 1?
-Homologous pairs of chromosomes group together ( X from mom)( X from dad)
-crossing over
What happens in Metaphase 1?
-Pairs of homologous chromosomes form two lines in the middle of the cell
-maternal and paternal alignment of chromosomes is random
What happens in Telophase 1?
finishes meiotic division 1
2 cells
only 23 Chromosomes per cell (normally 23 pairs)
What happens in Prohpase 2?
Replicated (double-stranded) chromosomes gather
What happens in Metaphase 2?
chromosomes align
What happens in Anaphase 2?
SISTER CHROMATIDS pull apart
What happens in Telophase 2?
4 cells produced
each with 23 single stranded chromosomes
