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A215 Lecture > Cell and Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell and Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What does cholesterol do in the membrane?

A

Provides Strength

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2
Q

What are Gycocalyx?

A

carbs that participate in cell-cell interaction

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3
Q

What are microvilli?

A

plasma membrane folds, very small

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4
Q

What are cilia?

A

Large hair like projections

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5
Q

What does rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Synthesizes proteins and distributes them

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6
Q

What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

synthesizes lipids
detoxifies drugs and alc

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7
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

spherical structures that contain digestive enzymes
garbage man of cell

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8
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Pair of rod-shaped structures that are involved in cell division

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9
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

membrane that surrounds nucleous

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10
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

makes parts for ribosomes
in cells with high protein synthesis
motor neurons

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11
Q

What happens in Interphase?

A

cell at rest
where DNA is replicated

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12
Q

What happens in mitotic phase?

A

Division of nucleus
division of cytoplasm

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13
Q

What are sister chromatids

A

2 genetically identical copies of a replicated chromosome

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14
Q

What is a single chromosome?

A

1 chromatid
non-replicated DNA

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15
Q

What happens in Prophase?

A

DNA condensation into chromosomes

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16
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell
spindle fibers extends from centrioles

17
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A

Spindle fibers pull single chromosomes to the poles of the cell

18
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

Nuclear envelope begins to reform
cleavage furrow develops
cytokinesis begins

19
Q

What is a diploid?

A

a cell with 2 copies of each chromosome(mitosis)

20
Q

What is a haploid?

A

A cell with a single copy of each chromosome(meiosis)

21
Q

What is the end result of Meiosis 1?

A

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated
results in 2 cells, each with only 23 double-stranded chromosomes(haploid)

22
Q

What is the end result of Meiosis 2?

A

Replicated chromosomes separated into single-stranded chromosomes
Results in 4 cells, each with 23 single chromosomes

23
Q

What happens in Prophase 1?

A

-Homologous pairs of chromosomes group together ( X from mom)( X from dad)
-crossing over

24
Q

What happens in Metaphase 1?

A

-Pairs of homologous chromosomes form two lines in the middle of the cell
-maternal and paternal alignment of chromosomes is random

25
Q

What happens in Telophase 1?

A

finishes meiotic division 1
2 cells
only 23 Chromosomes per cell (normally 23 pairs)

26
Q

What happens in Prohpase 2?

A

Replicated (double-stranded) chromosomes gather

27
Q

What happens in Metaphase 2?

A

chromosomes align

28
Q

What happens in Anaphase 2?

A

SISTER CHROMATIDS pull apart

29
Q

What happens in Telophase 2?

A

4 cells produced
each with 23 single stranded chromosomes

A215 Lecture (10 decks)

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